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SlSWEET1a is involved in glucose import to young leaves in tomato plants.

ABSTRACT: Sugar allocation from source to sink (young) leaves, critical for plant development, relies on activities of plasma membrane sugar transporters. However, the key sugar unloading mechanism to sink leaves remains elusive. SWEET transporters mediate sugar efflux into reproductive sinks; therefore, they are promising candidates for sugar unloading during leaf growth. Transcripts of SlSWEET1a, belonging to clade I of the SWEET family, were markedly more abundant than those of all other 30 SlSWEET genes in young leaves of tomatoes. High expression of SlSWEET1a was also detected in reproductive sinks, such as flowers. SlSWEET1a was dominantly expressed in leaf unloading veins, and the green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein was localized to the plasma membrane using Arabidopsis protoplasts, further implicating this carrier in sugar unloading. In addition, yeast growth assays and radiotracer uptake analyses further demonstrated that SlSWEET1a acted as a low-affinity (Km ~100 mM) glucose-specific carrier with a passive diffusion manner. Finally, virus-induced gene silencing of SlSWEET1a expression reduced hexose accumulation to ~50% in young leaves, with a parallel 2-fold increase in mature leaves. Thus, we propose a novel function for SlSWEET1a in the uptake of glucose into unloading cells as part of the sugar unloading mechanism in sink leaves of tomato.

SUBMITTER: Ho LH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6598072 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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SlSWEET1a is involved in glucose import to young leaves in tomato plants.

Ho Li-Hsuan LH Klemens Patrick A W PAW Neuhaus H Ekkehard HE Ko Han-Yu HY Hsieh Shu-Ying SY Guo Woei-Jiun WJ

Journal of experimental botany 20190601 12

Sugar allocation from source to sink (young) leaves, critical for plant development, relies on activities of plasma membrane sugar transporters. However, the key sugar unloading mechanism to sink leaves remains elusive. SWEET transporters mediate sugar efflux into reproductive sinks; therefore, they are promising candidates for sugar unloading during leaf growth. Transcripts of SlSWEET1a, belonging to clade I of the SWEET family, were markedly more abundant than those of all other 30 SlSWEET gen ...[more]

PMID: 30958535

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Project description:Abstract Plants respond to heat shock by regulating gene expression. While transcriptomic changes in response to heat stress are well studied, it is not known whether young and old leaves reprogram transcription differently upon stress. When whole plants of Arabidopsis thaliana were subjected to heat shock, young leaves were affected significantly less than older leaves based on measurements of tissue damage. To identify quantitative changes to transcriptomes between young and old leaves upon heat stress, we used RNA sequencing on young and old leaves from plants exposed to control and heat stress at 42 °C for 1 h and 10 h. A total of 6472 differentially expressed genes between young and old leaf were identified under control condition, and 9126 and 6891 under 1 h and 10 h heat stress, respectively. Analyses of differentially expressed transcripts led to the identification of multiple functional clusters of genes that may have potential roles in the increased heat tolerance of young leaves including higher level of expression in young leaves of genes encoding chaperones, heat shock proteins and proteins known in oxidative stress resistance. Differential levels of transcripts for genes implicated in pectin metabolism, cutin and wax biosynthesis, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, cellulose degradation, indole glucosinolate metabolism and RNA splicing between young and old leaves under heat stress suggest that cell wall remodelling, cuticular wax synthesis and carbohydrate modifications impacted by alternative splicing may also have roles in the improved heat stress tolerance of young leaves. This study on the model plant Arabidopsisreveals that when whole plants are exposed to severe heat stress young leaves are affected less than older leaves. Quantitative evaluation of transcripts showed that young leaves differentially express genes related to heat shock proteins, chaperones, plant growth regulators, pectin metabolism, cutin and wax biosynthesis, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, cellulose degradation, glucosinolate metabolism and RNA splicing. These results have implications for identifying target genes for improving heat stress tolerance in plants.

Project description:BackgroundObesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation, provoking many different diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is a chronic-degenerative disease characterized by increased blood glucose levels. Obesity and type 2 diabetes are currently considered public health problems, and their prevalence has increased over the last few years. Because of the high cost involved in the treatment of both diseases, different alternatives have been sought. However, the general population uses medicinal plants, in the form of tea or infusions, to treat different diseases. Therefore, traditional medicine using medicinal plants has been investigated as a possible treatment for type 2 diabetes and body weight control.Aim of the studyThe purpose of this review is to find medicinal plants used in Mexico that could exert their beneficial effect by regulating insulin secretion and body weight control.Material and methodFor the development of this review, Mexican plants used in traditional medicine to treat type 2 diabetes and body weight control were searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The inclusion criteria include plants that presented a significant reduction in blood glucose levels and/or an increase in insulin secretion.ResultsWe found 306 Mexican plants with hypoglycemic effects. However, plants that did not show evidence of an increase in insulin secretion were eliminated. Finally, only five plants were included in this review: Momordica charantia L. (melón amargo), Cucurbita ficifolia bouché (chilacayote), Coriandrum sativum L. (cilantro), Persea americana Mill. (aguacate) Bidens pilosa (amor seco), including 39 articles in total. Here, we summarized the plant extracts (aqueous and organic) that have previously been reported to present hypoglycemic effects, body weight control, increased secretion and sensitivity of insulin, improvement of pancreatic β cells, and glucose tolerance. Additionally, these effects may be due to different bioactive compounds present in the plants' extracts.ConclusionBoth in vivo and in vitro studies are required to understand the mechanism of action of these plant extracts regarding insulin secretion to be used as a possible treatment for type 2 diabetes and body weight control in the future.

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SlSWEET1a is involved in glucose import to young leaves in tomato plants.

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SlSWEET1a is involved in glucose import to young leaves in tomato plants.

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