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Regulation of axon growth by myosin II-dependent mechanocatalysis of cofilin activity.


ABSTRACT: Serotonin (5-HT) is known to increase the rate of growth cone advance via cofilin-dependent increases in retrograde actin network flow and nonmuscle myosin II activity. We report that myosin II activity is regulated by PKC during 5-HT responses and that PKC activity is necessary for increases in traction force normally associated with these growth responses. 5-HT simultaneously induces cofilin-dependent decreases in actin network density and PKC-dependent increases in point contact density. These reciprocal effects facilitate increases in traction force production in domains exhibiting decreased actin network density. Interestingly, when PKC activity was up-regulated, 5-HT treatments resulted in myosin II hyperactivation accompanied by catastrophic cofilin-dependent decreases in actin filament density, sudden decreases in traction force, and neurite retraction. These results reveal a synergistic relationship between cofilin and myosin II that is spatiotemporally regulated in the growth cone via mechanocatalytic effects to modulate neurite growth.

SUBMITTER: Zhang XF 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6605792 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Regulation of axon growth by myosin II-dependent mechanocatalysis of cofilin activity.

Zhang Xiao-Feng XF   Ajeti Visar V   Tsai Nicole N   Fereydooni Arash A   Burns William W   Murrell Michael M   De La Cruz Enrique M EM   Forscher Paul P  

The Journal of cell biology 20190523 7


Serotonin (5-HT) is known to increase the rate of growth cone advance via cofilin-dependent increases in retrograde actin network flow and nonmuscle myosin II activity. We report that myosin II activity is regulated by PKC during 5-HT responses and that PKC activity is necessary for increases in traction force normally associated with these growth responses. 5-HT simultaneously induces cofilin-dependent decreases in actin network density and PKC-dependent increases in point contact density. Thes  ...[more]

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