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Quantifying the impact of genes on body mass index during the obesity epidemic: longitudinal findings from the HUNT Study.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES:To study the trajectories of body mass index (BMI) in Norway over five decades and to assess the differential influence of the obesogenic environment on BMI according to genetic predisposition. DESIGN:Longitudinal study. SETTING:General population of Nord-Trøndelag County, Norway. PARTICIPANTS:118?959 people aged 13-80 years who participated in a longitudinal population based health study (Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, HUNT), of whom 67?305 were included in analyses of association between genetic predisposition and BMI. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:BMI. RESULTS:Obesity increased in Norway starting between the mid-1980s and mid-1990s and, compared with older birth cohorts, those born after 1970 had a substantially higher BMI already in young adulthood. BMI differed substantially between the highest and lowest fifths of genetic susceptibility for all ages at each decade, and the difference increased gradually from the 1960s to the 2000s. For 35 year old men, the most genetically predisposed had 1.20 kg/m2 (95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.37 kg/m2) higher BMI than those who were least genetically predisposed in the 1960s compared with 2.09 kg/m2 (1.90 to 2.27 kg/m2) in the 2000s. For women of the same age, the corresponding differences in BMI were 1.77 kg/m2 (1.56 to 1.97 kg/m2) and 2.58 kg/m2 (2.36 to 2.80 kg/m2). CONCLUSIONS:This study provides evidence that genetically predisposed people are at greater risk for higher BMI and that genetic predisposition interacts with the obesogenic environment resulting in higher BMI, as observed between the mid-1980s and mid-2000s. Regardless, BMI has increased for both genetically predisposed and non-predisposed people, implying that the environment remains the main contributor.

SUBMITTER: Brandkvist M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6607203 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Quantifying the impact of genes on body mass index during the obesity epidemic: longitudinal findings from the HUNT Study.

Brandkvist Maria M Bjørngaard Johan Håkon JH Ødegård Rønnaug Astri RA Åsvold Bjørn Olav BO Sund Erik R ER Vie Gunnhild Åberge GÅ

BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 20190703

<h4>Objectives</h4>To study the trajectories of body mass index (BMI) in Norway over five decades and to assess the differential influence of the obesogenic environment on BMI according to genetic predisposition.<h4>Design</h4>Longitudinal study.<h4>Setting</h4>General population of Nord-Trøndelag County, Norway.<h4>Participants</h4>118 959 people aged 13-80 years who participated in a longitudinal population based health study (Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, HUNT), of whom 67 305 were included in ...[more]

PMID: 31270083

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Project description:BACKGROUND: The intergenerational resemblance in body mass index may have increased during the development of the obesity epidemic due to changes in environment and/or expression of genetic predisposition. OBJECTIVES: This study investigates trends in intergenerational correlations of childhood body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) during the emergence of the obesity epidemic. METHODS: The study population was derived from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register, which includes height and weight measurements since birth year 1930. Mothers and fathers with BMIs available at ages 7 (n?=?25,923 and n?=?20,972) or 13 years (n?=?26,750 and n?=?21,397), respectively, were linked through the civil registration system introduced in 1968 to their children with BMIs available at age 7 years. Age- and sex-specific BMI z-scores were calculated. Correlations were estimated across eight intervals of child birth years (1952-1989) separately by sex. Trends in these correlations were examined. Whereas the mother-child correlations reflected the biological relationship, a likely decline in the assignment of non-biological fathers through the registration system across time must be considered when interpreting the father-child correlations. RESULTS: The BMI correlations between mothers and sons ranged from 0.29-0.36 and they decreased marginally, albeit significantly across time at ages 7-7 years (-0.002/year, p?=?0.006), whereas those at 13-7 years remained stable (<0.0004/year, p?=?0.96). Mother-daughter correlations ranged from 0.30-0.34, and they were stable at ages 7-7 years (0.0001/year, p?=?0.84) and at 13-7 years (0.0004/year, p?=?0.56). In contrast, father-son correlations increased significantly during this period, both at ages 7-7 (0.002/year, p?=?0.007) and at ages 13-7 years (0.003/year, p<0.001), whereas the increase in father-daughter correlations were insignificant both at ages 7-7 (0.001/year, p?=?0.37) and at ages 13-7 years (0.001/year, p?=?0.18). CONCLUSION: During the obesity epidemics development, the intergenerational resemblance with mothers remained stable, whereas the father-child BMI resemblance increased, possibly reflecting changes in family relationships, and unlikely to have influenced the epidemic.

Project description:Background:Obesity surgery is the therapy of choice for severely obese patients. The results are promising, but at the same time obesity surgery represents a physical and psychological challenge for patients and care givers. In order to give psychosocial support adequately, more knowledge of effects of psychological profiles is required. Research is often deficit and symptom oriented. Psychological resources (competences) of individuals are often neglected. However, after surgery patients have to cope with the altered anatomic condition and therefore psychological resources are essential for a successful development and my influence also the surgical outcome. The interplay of eating behavior, depression, and psychological resources and their influence on weight are yet undetermined. Methods:A cross-sectional study in consecutive obesity surgery candidates was performed. One hundred twenty-seven participants were included (90 female, 37 male; mean BMI 49.85 kg/m²; range 36.7-84.2 kg/m²). After conducting semi-structured clinical interviews psychological resources, depression and eating behavior were assessed via three questionnaires: Essener Ressourcen-Inventar (ERI), Patient Health Questionnaire depression module (PHQ-d), and Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q). To evaluate the influence of psychological resources on BMI mediation models and path analyses were performed. Results:Psychological resources do not influence BMI directly. Path analyses revealed depression as well as depression/eating behavior as mediating dimension. A first path showed that higher psychological resources are associated with less depressive symptoms and lower BMI. On the other side, a second path showed that higher psychological resources are related to less depression and by means of more conscious and controlled eating behavior to a lower BMI. Conclusion:Psychological resources seem to be relevant in the context of obesity surgery. Good psychological resources show plausible associations with less depression and a more adequate eating behavior. The evaluation of psychological resources in obesity surgery candidates allows the identification of patients at risk. Competences of patients should be addressed in the context of surgery. Our findings build a foundation for a more individualized supportive treatment for obesity surgery candidates. Improving impaired psychological resources may help in the coping process after surgery and is supposed to lead to an even higher weight loss.

Project description:BackgroundAccurate obesity classification is important so that appropriate intervention can be instituted to modify metabolic risk factors. Commonly utilized body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (PBF) are influenced by lean mass whereas fat mass index (FMI) measures only body fat. This study compares the prevalence of obesity and metabolic risk factors with FMI, BMI and PBF using DXA (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry).Methods489 women randomly recruited from the electoral roll were stratified into 4 age groups; 40-49, 50-59, 60-69 and 70-79 years from 2000 to 2001. Clinical data and DXA body composition were obtained. Statistical analyses were performed using Medcalc v15 (Ostend, Belgium) with significance level at p = 0.05 (two-tailed).ResultsThere was higher prevalence of obesity using PBF compared to BMI and FMI (p<0.001). This difference was greater from age 50-59 (p<0.05) which may be explained by age-related lean mass loss. PBF over-classified obesity in over 35% of normal and 95% of overweight categories compared to FMI and BMI. BMI has a sensitivity of 78.9% and specificity of 98.3% for obesity using FMI as the standard. BMI under-classified obesity in the overweight category by 14.9% compared to FMI. There was no difference in diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and metabolic syndrome prevalence within the BMI-obesity and FMI-obesity categories (p>0.05).ConclusionPBF classified more obesity than BMI and FMI because of its low pre-determined threshold. The greater difference with PBF compared to BMI and FMI from the 50-59 decade onwards can be attributed to age-related lean mass loss. BMI had the lowest sensitivity for obesity diagnosis. BMI under-classified obesity in the overweight category compared to FMI due to its inability to differentiate lean mass. However, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of metabolic risk factors between BMI and FMI-obesity categories indicating that fat location may influence metabolic dysregulation.

Project description:ObjectiveIt is well known that both genetic background and lifestyle influence the development of 'general' obesity. However, the role of parental body mass index (BMI) on the development of obesity in long-term survivors of childhood-onset craniopharyngioma (CP) is not well understood. This study analyzed the correlation of patients' BMI at diagnosis and last visit and parental BMI at CP diagnosis and further explored potential risk factors for obesity in CP patients.DesignThis is a registry-based retrospective cohort study.MethodsIn total,291 CP patients and their parents recruited in the German KRANIOPHARYNGEOM studies were included. Correlations between patient's BMI SDS at CP diagnosis and last visit and parental BMI at CP diagnosis were analyzed. The associations between hypothalamic damage, maternal/paternal BMI and CP patients' obesity at last visit were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression.ResultsAt follow-up, 52% of CP patients developed obesity (BMI > 3SDS). Patient's BMI SDS at last visit was moderately correlated with BMI-SDS at CP diagnosis (r = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.38-0.58, P < 0.001), and also with maternal BMI at diagnosis (r = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.17-0.38, P < 0.001) and paternal BMI at diagnosis (r = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.19-0.41, P < 0.001). However, the contributing role of parental BMI to the pathogenesis of obesity was small compared to the impact of hypothalamic damage.ConclusionWe conclude that besides hypothalamic damage, parental disposition for obesity is associated with the development of obesity in patients after CP. Our results indicate that also the family situation could have an influence on the development of obesity after CP and might be a therapeutic target.Significance statementSurvivors of childhood-onset craniopharyngioma are at risk of developing morbid obesity. So far, patients with posterior hypothalamic involvement and lesion were identified as a high risk group. With this study, the influence of parental body mass index on the risk of obesity was investigated. Patient's body-mass-index at last visit was correlated with maternal and paternal body mass index at diagnosis. With increasing maternal or paternal body mass index, the likelihood of obesity in individuals with CP increased. Nevertheless, the parents' weight had only a small effect on the development of patients' obesity compared to hypothalamic damage.

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Quantifying the impact of genes on body mass index during the obesity epidemic: longitudinal findings from the HUNT Study.

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Quantifying the impact of genes on body mass index during the obesity epidemic: longitudinal findings from the HUNT Study.

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