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Genetic risk, body mass index, and weight control behaviors: Unlocking the triad.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:The relationship between genetic risk for body mass index (BMI) and weight control behaviors remains unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine the association between genetic risk for BMI and weight control behaviors in young adults, and to examine actual measured BMI as a potential mediator variable. METHOD:We analyzed data from three data collection waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. The BMI polygenic score (PGS) was based on published genome-wide association studies for BMI. BMI was collected at 11-18?years and 18-26?years. Weight control behaviors included self-reported: (a) weight loss behaviors (dieting, vomiting, fasting/skipping meals, diet pills, laxatives, or diuretic use to lose weight) and (b) weight gain behaviors (eating more or different foods than normal, taking supplements to gain weight). RESULTS:Among 4,397 participants, the BMI PGS was associated with higher odds of weight loss behaviors in females (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.14-1.35) and males (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.26-1.62), and this association was mediated by BMI (indirect effect 0.04, 95% CI 0.03-0.05 in females and 0.03, 95% CI 0.03-0.04 in males). The BMI PGS was associated with lower odds of weight gain behaviors in females and males, which was also mediated by actual BMI. CONCLUSIONS:The BMI PGS was associated with weight loss behaviors in both males and females, and this association was mediated by actual measured BMI. Clinical interventions to prevent high BMI, particularly for individuals with genetic risk, may also prevent subsequent development of potentially unhealthy weight loss behaviors.

SUBMITTER: Nagata JM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6609475 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genetic risk, body mass index, and weight control behaviors: Unlocking the triad.

Nagata Jason M JM Braudt David B DB Domingue Benjamin W BW Bibbins-Domingo Kirsten K Garber Andrea K AK Griffiths Scott S Murray Stuart B SB

The International journal of eating disorders 20190417 7

<h4>Background</h4>The relationship between genetic risk for body mass index (BMI) and weight control behaviors remains unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine the association between genetic risk for BMI and weight control behaviors in young adults, and to examine actual measured BMI as a potential mediator variable.<h4>Method</h4>We analyzed data from three data collection waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. The BMI polygenic score (PGS) was ...[more]

PMID: 30994932

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Project description:BackgroundNinety-seven independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are robustly associated with adult body mass index (BMI kg/m2) in Caucasian populations. The relevance of such variants in African populations at different stages of the life course (such as childhood) is unclear. We tested whether a genetic risk score composed of the aforementioned SNPs was associated with BMI from infancy to early adulthood. We further tested whether this genetic effect was mediated by conditional weight gain at different growth periods. We used data from the Birth to Twenty Plus Cohort (Bt20+), for 971 urban South African black children from birth to 18 years. DNA was collected at 13 years old and was genotyped using the Metabochip (Illumina) array. The weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) for BMI was constructed based on 71 of the 97 previously reported SNPs.ResultsThe cross-sectional association between the wGRS and BMI strengthened with age from 5 to 18 years. The significant associations were observed from 11 to 18 years, and peak effect sizes were observed at 13 and 14 years of age. Results from the linear mixed effects models showed significant interactions between the wGRS and age on longitudinal BMI but no such interactions were observed in sex and the wGRS. A higher wGRS was associated with an increased relative risk of belonging to the early onset obese longitudinal BMI trajectory (relative risk = 1.88; 95%CI 1.28 to 2.76) compared to belonging to a normal longitudinal BMI trajectory. Adolescent conditional relative weight gain had a suggestive mediation effect of 56% on the association between wGRS and obesity risk at 18 years.ConclusionsThe results suggest that genetic susceptibility to higher adult BMI can be tracked from childhood in this African population. This supports the notion that prevention of adult obesity should begin early in life. The genetic risk score combined with other non-genetic risk factors, such as BMI trajectory membership in our case, has the potential to be used to screen for early identification of individuals at increased risk of obesity and other related NCD risk factors in order to reduce the adverse health risk outcomes later.

Project description:ImportanceThere is a lack of evidence on the association of birth weight, childhood body mass index (BMI), change in BMI during childhood, and childhood height with subsequent risks of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) in adulthood.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of birth weight, childhood BMI, change in BMI during childhood, and childhood height with subsequent risks of HS in adulthood in a large Danish population-based cohort.Design, setting, and participantsThis cohort study included 347 200 schoolchildren from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register born from 1930 to 1996 who were linked to the Danish National Patient Register of hospital discharge diagnoses to identify cases of HS. Birth weight was reported by parents or guardians, whereas childhood weight and height were measured by school physicians or nurses at ages 7 through 13 years. Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. Statistical analysis was performed from February 20, 2019, to May 15, 2019.Main outcomes and measuresA diagnosis of HS as recorded in the Danish National Patient Register.ResultsAmong the 347 200 children included in the study (175 750 boys) during the follow-up period from 1977 to 2017, 1037 individuals (677 females; median age at diagnosis, 39 years [range, 15-73 years]) received a diagnosis of HS. A nonlinear (U-shaped) association was found between birth weight and HS, such that both the lightest (2.00-2.75 kg; HR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.10-1.68]) and the heaviest babies (4.26-5.50 kg; HR, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.01-1.93]) had increased risks of HS compared with normal-weight babies (3.26-3.75 kg; P = .04 for deviation from linearity). The risk of HS increased significantly with increasing BMI z score at each age from 7 to 13 years, from an HR of 1.32 (95% CI, 1.24-1.40) per BMI z score at 7 years of age to an HR of 1.50 (95% CI, 1.40-1.61) per BMI z score at 13 years of age. Compared with children with a normal weight at 7 and 13 years of age, those with a normal weight at 7 years of age and overweight at 13 years of age had a significantly increased risk of HS (HR, 2.11 [95% CI, 1.63-2.74]) and children with persistent overweight at both ages also had an increased risk of HS (HR, 2.61 [95% CI, 2.02-3.38]). Children with overweight at 7 years of age but with normal weight at 13 years of age did not have a significantly increased risk of HS (HR, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.67-1.67]). Childhood height at all ages was not associated with risk of HS (children at 7 years had an HR of 1.00 [95% CI, 0.94-1.07], and those 13 years had an HR of 1.06 [95% CI, 0.99-1.13], per z score).Conclusions and relevanceThis cohort study found that both the lightest and heaviest babies had increased risks of HS. Childhood BMI was positively and significantly associated with risk of HS development in adulthood. These findings suggest that returning to normal weight before puberty reduces risks of HS to levels observed in children who were never overweight. Childhood height was not associated with risk of HS.

Project description:ObjectivesLittle is known about how children's health might be affected by parents' participation in commercial weight loss programs. Given that more than 3.2 million people subscribe to just one commercial weight loss program, Weight Watchers, any secondary effects on children's weight-related health behaviors (e.g. dietary behaviors, physical activity, and sedentary time) and body mass index from parent participation in commercial weight loss programs may have significant public health implications. This study examined the feasibility of conducting a study to assess such effects. Methods for recruitment and retention, and perceived acceptability and satisfaction among participants in small-scale preliminary study, were evaluated. Changes in body mass index and health behaviors among the parent-child dyads were also measured to test whether a larger-scale study would be warranted.MethodsThis was an 8-week, pre-post observational feasibility study involving 20 parent-child dyads where both members had overweight or obesity. Physical and behavioral data were collected at baseline and 8 weeks from both members of the dyads. Parenting data were collected at the same time periods through parents' self-report. Bivariate correlation was used to quantify the associations in changes for dyad members.ResultsFeasibility goals for retention and perceived acceptability/satisfaction among participants were met. We reached approximately 80% of our enrollment goal. Parents showed a significant decrease in body mass index of 0.53 points (p < 0.05), while children showed a significant increase in raw body mass index (0.42, p < 0.05) and body mass index percentile (0.59, p < 0.05). However, correlation between changes in parent body mass index and changes in children body mass index percentile was positively correlated (r = 0.24, p = 0.31). A decrease in parent intake of total fat was associated with a decrease in the intake of fat in their children (r = 0.47, p < 0.05).ConclusionOur findings support the viability of a larger-scale follow-up to assess the potential of using parent-only commercial weight loss program as a mechanism for improving health behaviors and body mass index in children with overweight or obesity.

Project description:Depression and obesity are complex global health problems. Recent studies suggest that a genetic predisposition to obesity might be accentuated in people with depression, but these analyses are prone to bias. Here, we tested the hypothesis that depression accentuates genetic susceptibility to obesity and applied negative control experiments to test whether any observed interactions were real or driven by confounding and statistical biases. We used data from up to 378 000 Europeans in UK Biobank, a 73 variant body mass index (BMI) genetic risk score, two depression measures [depression symptoms (DS), major depression (MD)] and an antidepressant usage variable available. We tested whether (i) depression and (ii) antidepressant treatment accentuated genetic susceptibility to obesity. Finally, we performed negative control experiments by sampling individuals at random so that they had BMI distributions identical to depression cases and controls. Depression was associated with an accentuation of an individual's genetic risk of obesity with evidence of interactions for both DS and MD (Pinteraction = 7 × 10-4 and 7 × 10-5 respectively). Antidepressant usage within DS cases accentuated genetic obesity risk (Pinteraction = 9 × 10-4), but not for MD (Pinteraction = 0.13). Negative control experiments suggested that the observed interactions for MD (empirical-P = 0.067) may be driven by statistical biases or confounding factors but were not possible with the larger DS groups. Antidepressant usage interaction also appears to be driven by statistical artefacts (empirical-P = 0.510 using MD and 0.162 using DS). We have highlighted the importance of running negative experiments to confirm putative interactions in gene-environment studies. We provide some tentative evidence that depression accentuates an individual's genetic susceptibility to higher BMI but demonstrated that the BMI distributions within cases and controls might drive these interactions.

Project description:ObjectiveOverweight and obese women may avoid contraceptive methods they believe are associated with weight gain. The objective of this study was to examine the role of weight and weight perception on contraceptive use.Study designUsing cross-sectional data from the MyNewOptions study, we analyzed contraceptive use among 987 privately insured, sexually active women aged 18-40 years. Contraception was categorized into three groups: (1) long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), (2) non-LARC prescription methods and (3) nonprescription methods/no method. Multinomial logistic regression was used to model the effect of body mass index category and weight perception on contraceptive use while controlling for pregnancy intentions, sexual behavior and sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsEighty-three (8.4%) women were using LARCs, 490 (49.6%) women were using non-LARC prescription methods and 414 (42.0%) were using nonprescription methods or no method. In the adjusted multinomial model, overweight [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.85-7.98) and obese women (aOR 2.82, 95% CI 1.18-6.72) were significantly more likely to use LARCs compared to normal-weight women. There were greater adjusted odds of overweight and obese women using nonprescription methods/no method compared with non-LARC prescription methods, but this finding did not reach statistical significance. Weight perception was not associated with contraceptive use.ConclusionIn this study sample, overweight and obese women were more likely to use LARCs than normal-weight women. It will be important to further understand how weight influences women and providers' views on contraception in order to better assist women with individualized, patient-centered contraceptive decision making.ImplicationsOverweight and obese women may be reluctant to use contraceptive methods they believe are associated with weight gain (i.e., pills, shot), but how that affects contraceptive use is unclear. Compared with normal-weight women, overweight and obese women in this study were more likely to use LARCs than non-LARC prescription methods.

Dataset Information

Genetic risk, body mass index, and weight control behaviors: Unlocking the triad.

Publications

Genetic risk, body mass index, and weight control behaviors: Unlocking the triad.

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