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Delineation of aquifer potential zones using hydraulic parameters in Gombe and environs, North-Eastern, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT: This research is aimed at delineating the groundwater potential zones in Gombe and environs using Dar Zarrouk parameters. The study area is located within longitudes 11°7'0″E to 11°14'0″E, and latitudes 10°15'0″N to 10°21'0″N, it is basically underlain by basement Complex rocks represented by Diorite and Granites, and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks represented by Bima, Yolde, Fika and Gombe Formations. Thirty two (32) vertical electric soundings (VES) using Schlumberger array method with the aid of ABEM Signal Averaging System (SAS) Terrameter was used for the data acquisition. The result of the interpretation shows four to six geo-electric layers. The geo-electric section revealed the major aquifers to be confined and semi confined and consist of Medium grain sandstones, with varying thicknesses. The aquifer hydraulic characteristics indicated that the transverse resistance, ranges from 235.2Ωm² to 6317.87Ωm² with an average value of 1789.50Ωm². The Longitudinal conductance, S, ranges from 0.1415Ωm to 31.933Ωm with an average of 2.002Ωm. The Hydraulic conductivity value range from 2.62m/day to 138.66 m/day with a mean value of 20.662 m/day. The transmissivity values obtained for the various layers range from 78.34 m²/day to 13284.02m²/day, with the average value been 893.57 m²/day. Four groundwater potential zones were delineated including medium grain sandstones, Sandstones, clayey sand and shaly sand.

SUBMITTER: Kwami IA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6611938 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundNigeria remains one of only three polio-endemic countries in the world. In 2016, after an absence of 2 years, wild poliovirus serotype 1 was again detected in North-Eastern Nigeria. To better guide programmatic action, we assessed the immunity status of infants and children in Borno and Yobe states, and evaluated the impact of recently introduced inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) on antibody seroprevalence.Methods and findingsWe conducted a facility-based study of seroprevalence to poliovirus serotypes 1, 2 and 3 among health-seeking patients in two sites each of Borno and Yobe States. Enrolment was conducted amongst children 6-9 and 36-47 months of age attending the paediatrics outpatient department of the selected hospitals in the two states between 11 January and 5 February 2016. Detailed demographic and immunization history of the child was taken and an assessment of the child's health and nutritional state was conducted via physical examination. Blood was collected to test for levels of neutralizing antibody titres against the three poliovirus serotypes. The seroprevalence in the two age groups, potential determinants of seropositivity and the impact of one dose of IPV on humoral immunity were assessed. A total of 583 subjects were enrolled and provided sufficient quantities of serum for testing. Among 6-9-month-old infants, the seroprevalence was 81% (74-87%), 86% (79-91%), and 72% (65-79%) in Borno State, and 75% (67-81%), 74% (66-81%) and 69% (61-76%) in Yobe States, for serotypes-1, 2 and 3, respectively. Among children aged 36-47 months, the seroprevalence was >90% in both states for all three serotypes, with the exception of type 3 seroprevalence in Borno [87% (80-91%)]. Median reciprocal anti-polio neutralizing antibody titers were consistently >900 for serotypes 1 and 2 across age groups and states; with lower estimates for serotype 3, particularly in Borno. IPV received in routine immunization was found to be a significant determinant of seropositivity and anti-polio neutralizing antibodies among 6-9-month-old infants for serotypes 1 and 3, but demonstrated a non-significant positive association for serotype 2. Children receiving IPV through SIAs demonstrated significantly higher anti-polio neutralizing antibodies for serotypes 1 and 3.ConclusionsThe seroprevalence to poliovirus remains suboptimal in both Borno and Yobe States in Nigeria. The low seroprevalence facilitated the continued transmission of both wild serotype 1 and serotype 2 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus detected in Borno State in 2016. Further efforts are necessary to improve the immunity status of these populations to ensure sufficient population immunity to interrupt transmission.

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Delineation of aquifer potential zones using hydraulic parameters in Gombe and environs, North-Eastern, Nigeria.

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