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New genotypes and molecular characterization of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in captive black bears in China.

ABSTRACT: Enterocytozoon bieneusi, a common eukaryotic obligate intracellular parasite, can infect a wide range of hosts, including humans and domestic animals. There have been some reports of this organism in captive wildlife animals worldwide, but few studies have reported its detection in the captive black bears in Sichuan province of southwestern China. The present study was performed to determine the prevalence, genetic diversity, and zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi in captive Asiatic black bears from three farms in Sichuan province. Fecal specimens from Asiatic black bears in three farms were collected and analyzed for the prevalence of E. bieneusi. The overall prevalence of E. bieneusi was 18.7% (57/305) as determined by nested PCR amplification of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene on the rRNA of E. bieneusi, with the highest prevalence in the farm being 47.8% (44/92). Altogether, five genotypes of E. bieneusi were identified among the 57 E. bieneusi-positive samples, comprising three known genotypes (SC02, MJ2, and MJ5) and two novel genotypes named SCBB1 and SCBB2. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the genotypes SC02 and MJ2 were clustered into group 1 of zoonotic potential and that the genotypes MJ5, SCBB1, and SCBB2 were clustered into group 10. In conclusion, two known genotypes, SC02 and MJ2, were found to belong to the zoonotic potential group 1 and this evidence points to the fact that the E. bieneusi from these black bears could infect humans.

SUBMITTER: Huang X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6611995 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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New genotypes and molecular characterization of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in captive black bears in China.

Huang Xiaolong X Zhou Ziyao Z Liu Haifeng H Deng Lei L Bi Bo B Chai Yijun Y Zhong Zhijun Z Hu Yanchun Y Fu Hualin H Peng Guangneng G

International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife 20190628

Enterocytozoon bieneusi, a common eukaryotic obligate intracellular parasite, can infect a wide range of hosts, including humans and domestic animals. There have been some reports of this organism in captive wildlife animals worldwide, but few studies have reported its detection in the captive black bears in Sichuan province of southwestern China. The present study was performed to determine the prevalence, genetic diversity, and zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi in captive Asiatic ...[more]

PMID: 31316895

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Cryptosporidium and Enterocytozoon bieneusi are two important pathogens with zoonotic potential that cause enteric infections in a wide range of hosts, including humans. Both are transmitted from animals to humans by direct contact or through contaminated equipment. Bears are frequently found in Chinese zoos as ornamental animals as well as farmed as commercial animals, and are therefore in close contact with zoo- or farm-keepers, but the prevalence and zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium and E. bieneusi in bears is poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to provide data on the occurrence and genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium and E. bieneusi in Asiatic black bears from Heilongjiang and Fujian, China. From May 2015 to December 2017, 218 fresh fecal specimens were collected from captive Asiatic black bears in Heilongjiang (n = 36) and Fujian (n = 182), China. Cryptosporidium and E. bieneusi were examined by PCR amplification of the partial small subunit of ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA, respectively. C. andersoni-positive isolates were subtyped through PCR analysis of the four minisatellite/microsatellite (MS1, MS2, MS3 and MS16) loci. RESULTS:The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium and E. bieneusi were 2.4% (4/218) and 6.4% (14/218), respectively, with 2.8% (1/36) and 22.2% (8/36) in the Heilongjiang Province, and 1.6% (3/182) and 3.3% (6/182) in the Fujian Province. Sequence analysis confirmed the presence of Cryptosporidium species: C. andersoni (n = 3) and a genotype termed Cryptosporidium rat genotype IV (n = 1). All three identified C. andersoni belonged to the MLST subtype A4, A4, A4, A1. Two known E. bieneusi genotypes D (n = 4) and SC02 (n = 10) were identified, both of which belong to zoonotic Group 1. CONCLUSIONS:This is the first report of C. andersoni and Cryptosporidium rat genotype IV in bears. The discovery of the zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi genotype D in bears highlights its significant zoonotic potential and potential threat to human health.

Project description:BackgroundEnterocytozoon bieneusi is a common opportunistic pathogen that is widely detected in humans, domestic animals and wildlife, and poses a challenge to public health. The present study was performed to evaluate the prevalence, genotypic diversity and zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi among wildlife at Chengdu and Bifengxia zoological gardens in Sichuan Province, China.ResultsOf the 272 fresh fecal samples harvested from 70 captive wildlife species at Chengdu Zoo (n = 198) and Bifengxia Zoo (n = 74), 21 (10.6 %) and 22 (29.7 %) tested positive for E. bieneusi by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing analysis, respectively. Specifically, genotypes D, Peru 6, CHB1, BEB6, CHS9, SC02 and SC03, and genotypes D, CHB1, SC01 and SC02 were detected in the Chengdu and Bifengxia Zoo samples, respectively. Five known genotypes (D, Peru 6, BEB6, CHS9 and CHB1) and three novel genotypes (SC01, SC02 and SC03) were clustered into the zoonotic group (group 1) and host-adapted group (group 2). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis targeting three microsatellites (MS1, MS3 and MS7) and one minisatellite (MS4) were successfully sequenced for 37, 33, 35 and 37 specimens, generating 8, 3, 11 and 15 distinct locus types, respectively. Altogether, we identified 27 multilocus genotypes (MLGs) among the E. bieneusi isolates by MLST. These data highlight the high genetic diversity of E. bieneusi among zoo wildlife.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first report on the prevalence and genotypic diversity of E. bieneusi infections among captive wildlife in zoos in southwest China. Notably, we identified three novel E. bieneusi genotypes, as well as six new mammalian hosts (Asian golden cats, Tibetian blue bears, blackbucks, hog deer, Malayan sun bears and brown bears) for this organism. Moreover, the occurrence of zoonotic genotypes suggests that wildlife may act as reservoirs of E. bieneusi that can serve as a source of human microsporidiosis. The findings presented here should contribute to the control of zoonotic disease in China.

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New genotypes and molecular characterization of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in captive black bears in China.

Publications

New genotypes and molecular characterization of <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i> in captive black bears in China.

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