Dataset Information

Campylobacter spp. and bacteriophages from broiler chickens: Characterization of antibiotic susceptibility profiles and lytic bacteriophages.

ABSTRACT: Bacteria of the genus Campylobacter are the most common pathogens causing zoonotic diseases in humans. Therefore, the aim of the study was to isolate Campylobacter bacteria from broiler chickens and evaluate their susceptibility to selected antibiotics by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), followed by isolation and characterization of bacteriophages specific for Campylobacter spp. The material for the study consisted of field isolates of Campylobacter spp. obtained from the gut (cecum) of broiler chickens directly after slaughter in slaughterhouses, and bacteriophages specific for these strains. We isolated 48 strains from poultry (140 broiler chickens): 31 strains of Campylobacter jejuni and 17 of Campylobacter coli. Identification of the strains was confirmed by multiplex PCR and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Over 83% of Campylobacter strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin, and over half the isolates were resistant to erythromycin, gentamicin, and tetracycline. Resistance to three or more antibiotics was observed in 91.6% of all strains. Four bacteriophages were obtained, and on the basis of their morphological structure, they were assigned to two families of the order Caudovirales: Myoviridae and Siphoviridae. A high percentage of the Campylobacter strains were resistant to at least three of the antibiotic groups tested. All of the phages exhibited lytic activity against the Campylobacter spp. isolates, but the antibacterial effect of the phages was not observed for all strains.

SUBMITTER: Nowaczek A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6612548 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Campylobacter spp. and bacteriophages from broiler chickens: Characterization of antibiotic susceptibility profiles and lytic bacteriophages.

Nowaczek Anna A Urban-Chmiel Renata R Dec Marta M Puchalski Andrzej A Stępień-Pyśniak Dagmara D Marek Agnieszka A Pyzik Ewelina E

MicrobiologyOpen 20190117 7

Bacteria of the genus Campylobacter are the most common pathogens causing zoonotic diseases in humans. Therefore, the aim of the study was to isolate Campylobacter bacteria from broiler chickens and evaluate their susceptibility to selected antibiotics by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), followed by isolation and characterization of bacteriophages specific for Campylobacter spp. The material for the study consisted of field isolates of Campylobacter spp. obtained from the gut ...[more]

PMID: 30656847

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Project description:Campylobacter and antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter are frequently isolated from broiler chickens worldwide. In Canada, campylobacteriosis is the third leading cause of enteric disease and the regional emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter in broiler chickens has raised a public health concern. This study aimed to identify, critically appraise, and synthesize literature on sources of Campylobacter in broilers at the farm level using systematic review methodology. Literature searches were conducted in January 2012 and included electronic searches in four bibliographic databases. Relevant studies in French or English (n = 95) conducted worldwide in any year and all study designs were included. Risk of Bias and GRADE criteria endorsed by the Cochrane collaboration was used to assess the internal validity of the study and overall confidence in the meta-analysis. The categories for on-farm sources were: broiler breeders/vertical transfer (number of studies = 32), animals (n = 57), humans (n = 26), environment (n = 54), and water (n = 63). Only three studies examined the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter from these on-farm sources. Subgroups of data by source and outcome were analyzed using random effect meta-analysis. The highest risk for contaminating a new flock appears to be a contaminated barn environment due to insufficient cleaning and disinfection, insufficient downtime, and the presence of an adjacent broiler flock. Effective biosecurity enhancements from physical barriers to restricting human movement on the farm are recommended for consideration to enhance local on-farm food safety programs. Improved sampling procedures and standardized laboratory testing are needed for comparability across studies. Knowledge gaps that should be addressed include farm-level drug use and antimicrobial resistance information, further evaluation of the potential for vertical transfer, and improved genotyping methods to strengthen our understanding of Campylobacter epidemiology in broilers at the farm-level. This systematic review emphasizes the importance of improved industry-level and on-farm risk management strategies to reduce pre-harvest Campylobacter in broilers.

Project description:Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of food-borne human gastroenteritis worldwide and is designated as a high priority antimicrobial-resistant pathogen by the World Health Organization (WHO). In this study, a total of 26 C. jejuni isolates from broiler chickens were screened for the presence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes by PCR. As a result, the study detected 11/26 (42.3%), 9/26 (34.6%), 8/26 (30.8%), 7/26 (26.9%), 6/26 (23.1%), and 6/26 (23.1%) of cdtC, pldA, cdtB, cdtA, cadF, and ciaB virulence genes, respectively, with seven of the isolates carrying more than two virulence genes. The majority of the isolates n = 25 (96.1%) were resistant to nalidixic acid, followed by n = 21 (80.7%), n = 22 (84.6%), and n = 5 (19.2%) for tetracycline, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Most isolates were harboring catI (n = 16; 84.2%), catII (n = 15; 78.9%), catIII (n = 10; 52.6%), catIV (n = 2; 10.5%), floR (n = 10; 52.6%), ermB (n = 14; 73.7%), tetO (n = 13; 68.4%), tetA (n = 9; 47.4%), mcr-4 (n = 8; 42.1%), and ampC (n = 2; 10.5%). Meanwhile, mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-5, tet(X), tet(P), and tet(W) genes were not detected in all isolates. Class I and Class II integrons were detected in 92.3% (n = 24) and 65.4% (n = 17) isolates, respectively. About 31% (8 of the 26 isolates) isolates were carrying more than two resistance genes. According to our knowledge, this is the first study to detect class II integrons in Campylobacter spp. (C. jejuni). The high prevalence of cdtA, cdtB, cdtC, cadF, pldA, and ciaB genes and antibiotic resistance genes in C. jejuni in this study indicates the pathogenic potential of these isolates. Majority of the isolates demonstrated resistance to nalidixic acid, tetracycline (tet), and erythromycin (ermB), which are the drugs of choice for treating Campylobacter infections. Therefore, these findings highlight the importance of implementing an efficient strategy to control Campylobacter in chickens and to reduce antimicrobial use in the poultry industry, which will help to prevent the spread of infections to humans.

Project description:Detailed cleaning and disinfection programs aims to reduce infection pressure from microorganisms from one flock to the next. However, studies evaluating the benefits to poultry performance, the sanitary status of the facilities, and the sanitary quality of the meat are rarely found. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate 2 cleaning and disinfecting programs regarding their influence on productive performance, elimination of Campylobacter, and characterization of Campylobacter jejuni strains when applied to broiler chickens' facilities. Two subsequent flocks with 960 birds each were distributed into 32 pens containing 30 birds each. In the first, the whole flock was inoculated with a known strain of Campylobacter jejuni in order to contaminate the environment. In the second flock, performance and microbiological evaluations were done, characterizing an observational study between 2 cleaning and disinfection programs, regular and proposed. The regular program consisted of sweeping facilities, washing equipment and environment with water and neutral detergent. The proposed cleaning program consisted of dry and wet cleaning, application of 2 detergents (one acid and one basic) and 2 disinfectants (250 g/L glutaraldehyde and 185 g/L formaldehyde at 0.5% and 210 g/L para-chloro-meta-cresol at 4%). Total microorganism count in the environment and Campylobacter spp. identification were done for the microbiological assessment of the environment and carcasses. The positive samples were submitted to molecular identification of Campylobacter spp. and posterior genetic sequencing of the species identified as Campylobacter jejuni. The birds housed in the facilities and submitted to the proposed treatment had better performance when compared to the ones in the regular treatment, most likely because there was a smaller total microorganism count on the floor, walls, feeders and drinkers. The proposed program also resulted in a reduction of Campylobacter spp. on floors, drinkers and birds. Moreover, it was possible to identify 6 different Campylobacter jejuni strains in the facilities. The proposed treatment resulted in a positive influence on the birds' performance and reduction of environment contamination for broiler chickens.

Dataset Information

Campylobacter spp. and bacteriophages from broiler chickens: Characterization of antibiotic susceptibility profiles and lytic bacteriophages.

Publications

Campylobacter spp. and bacteriophages from broiler chickens: Characterization of antibiotic susceptibility profiles and lytic bacteriophages.

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