Dataset Information

Caregivers' Perceptions and Attitudes Toward Child Maltreatment: A Pilot Case Study in Tel Aviv, Israel, and Cleveland, USA.

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this pilot cross-national study was to uncover similarities and differences in three areas that might affect the development of community-based programs targeting child maltreatment: behaviors considered to be maltreatment, perceived contributors to maltreatment, and whether the government or neighbors can do anything about maltreatment. Data were obtained from two neighborhood-based, cross-sectional surveys of adult caregivers of minors: one in Cleveland, USA, the other in Tel Aviv, Israel. The sample consisted of a total of 120 caregivers, in each city 20 residing in a low-SES neighborhood, 20 in a medium-SES neighborhood, and 20 in an elevated-SES neighborhood. Participants were asked (a) to provide three examples of behaviors they considered to be child abuse, (b) to rate the degree to which each of 13 factors contribute to child maltreatment, and (c) to rate the degree to which they agreed with a range of attitudes about maltreatment. The same coding scheme was used in both sites. Logistic regression analyses assessed city differences in dichotomous outcomes, while linear regression analyses assessed city differences in ratings of continuous outcomes. Analyses adjusted for individual and neighborhood characteristics, and accounted for residential clustering in neighborhoods. Primary results indicated that residence in Tel Aviv was associated with greater odds of citing emotional/psychological abuse compared to Cleveland residents. Also compared to Cleveland residents, Tel Aviv residents (a) viewed family structure, family values, religion, child-raising knowledge, and personal history of maltreatment as contributing less to maltreatment, (b) were less likely to agree that anyone could abuse a child or that spanking is necessary, and (c) had substantially greater odds of endorsing the government's ability to address child maltreatment. Concerning study implications, this investigation demonstrated the importance of context in shaping constructions of child maltreatment and the need for caution in replicating interventions without due consideration of potential differences in context, policy, and public opinion.

SUBMITTER: Spilsbury JC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6613203 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Caregivers' Perceptions and Attitudes Toward Child Maltreatment: A Pilot Case Study in Tel Aviv, Israel, and Cleveland, USA.

Spilsbury James C JC Nadan Yochay Y Kaye-Tzadok Avital A Korbin Jill E JE Jespersen Brooke V BV Allen Brian J BJ

International journal on child maltreatment : research, policy and practice 20180906 1

The purpose of this pilot cross-national study was to uncover similarities and differences in three areas that might affect the development of community-based programs targeting child maltreatment: behaviors considered to be maltreatment, perceived contributors to maltreatment, and whether the government or neighbors can do anything about maltreatment. Data were obtained from two neighborhood-based, cross-sectional surveys of adult caregivers of minors: one in Cleveland, USA, the other in Tel Av ...[more]

PMID: 31286112

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Project description:IntroductionThe ancient city of Tel Megiddo in the Jezreel Valley (Israel), which lasted from the Neolithic to the Iron Age, has been continuously excavated since 1903 and is now recognized as a World Heritage Site. The site features multiple ruins in various areas, including temples and stables, alongside modern constructions, and public access is allowed in designated areas. The site has been studied extensively since the last century; however, its microbiome has never been studied. We carried out the first survey of the microbiomes in Tel Megiddo. Our objectives were to study (i) the unique microbial community structure of the site, (ii) the variation in the microbial communities across areas, (iii) the similarity of the microbiomes to urban and archeological microbes, (iv) the presence and abundance of potential bio-corroding microbes, and (v) the presence and abundance of potentially pathogenic microbes.MethodsWe collected 40 swab samples from ten major areas and identified microbial taxa using next-generation sequencing of microbial genomes. These genomes were annotated and classified taxonomically and pathogenetically.ResultsWe found that eight phyla, six of which exist in all ten areas, dominated the site (>99%). The relative sequence abundance of taxa varied between the ruins and the sampled materials and was assessed using all metagenomic reads mapping to a respective taxon. The site hosted unique taxa characteristic of the built environment and exhibited high similarity to the microbiome of other monuments. We identified acid-producing bacteria that may pose a risk to the site through biocorrosion and staining and thus pose a danger to the site's preservation. Differences in the microbiomes of the publicly accessible or inaccessible areas were insignificant; however, pathogens were more abundant in the former.DiscussionWe found that Tel Megiddo combines microbiomes of arid regions and monuments with human pathogens. The findings shed light on the microbial community structures and have relevance for bio-conservation efforts and visitor health.

Project description:ObjectiveTo systematically synthesise qualitative research that explores children's and caregivers' perceptions of mandatory reporting.DesignWe conducted a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies.Data sourcesSearches were conducted in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Criminal Justice Abstracts, Education Resources Information Center, Sociological Abstracts and Cochrane Libraries.Eligibility criteriaEnglish-language, primary, qualitative studies that investigated children's or caregivers' perceptions of reporting child maltreatment were included. All healthcare and social service settings implicated by mandatory reporting laws were included.Data extraction and synthesisCritical appraisal of included studies involved a modified checklist from the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Two independent reviewers extracted data, including direct quotations from children and caregivers (first-order constructs) and interpretations by study authors (second-order constructs). Third-order constructs (the findings of this meta-synthesis) involved synthesising second-order constructs that addressed strategies to improve the mandatory reporting processes for children or caregivers-especially when these themes addressed concerns raised by children or caregivers in relation to the reporting process.ResultsOver 7935 citations were retrieved and 35 articles were included in this meta-synthesis. The studies represent the views of 821 caregivers, 50 adults with histories of child maltreatment and 28 children. Findings suggest that children and caregivers fear being reported, as well as the responses to reports. Children and caregivers identified a need for improvement in communication from healthcare providers about mandatory reporting, offering preliminary insight into child-driven and caregiver-driven strategies to mitigate potential harms associated with reporting processes.ConclusionResearch on strategies to mitigate potential harms linked to mandatory reporting is urgently needed, as is research that explores children's experiences with this process.

Dataset Information

Caregivers' Perceptions and Attitudes Toward Child Maltreatment: A Pilot Case Study in Tel Aviv, Israel, and Cleveland, USA.

Publications

Caregivers' Perceptions and Attitudes Toward Child Maltreatment: A Pilot Case Study in Tel Aviv, Israel, and Cleveland, USA.

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