Dataset Information

Long-term tracking of opioid consumption in two United States cities using wastewater-based epidemiology approach.

ABSTRACT: Access to near-real time opioid use data is essential to the effective management of the U.S. opioid crisis. Current narcotic data collection methods are limited by time delay and would be complimented by a rapid data acquisition technique. Use of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) analysis may offer access to near real-time data on opioid consumption but application in the United States has been limited. From 2015 to 2017, monthly 24-h time-weighted composite samples of municipal raw wastewater from two Midwestern U.S. cities were routinely analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for morphine, codeine, oxycodone, heroin, fentanyl, and select opioid metabolites. Concentrations of opioids (ng/L) in raw wastewater from City 1 and 2, respectively, were: morphine (713?±?38; 306?±?29; detection frequency (DF): 100%), oxycodone (17.8?±?1.1; 78?±?6; DF: 100%), codeine (332?±?37; 100?±?27; DF: 93%), heroin (41?±?16; 9?±?11; DF: 81%), and fentanyl (1.7?±?0.2; 1.0?±?0.5; DF: 62%). Average opioid consumption rates estimated using WBE ranged between 9 and 2590?mg/day/1000 persons. Anticipated overdoses and overdose-deaths calculated from analyte concentrations in wastewater forecasted 200 opioid-related overdoses/year and 39 opioid related overdose-deaths/year across the two cities during the year 2016, which aligned well with observed coroner-reported opioid deaths. This long-term U.S. screening study of opioids in wastewater was the first to utilize wastewater epidemiological data to estimate the number of expected overdose and overdose-deaths, and to identify detectable levels of the powerful synthetic opioid fentanyl in community wastewater consistently over the course of one whole year.

SUBMITTER: Gushgari AJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6613989 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Long-term tracking of opioid consumption in two United States cities using wastewater-based epidemiology approach.

Gushgari Adam J AJ Venkatesan Arjun K AK Chen Jing J Steele Joshua C JC Halden Rolf U RU

Water research 20190603

Access to near-real time opioid use data is essential to the effective management of the U.S. opioid crisis. Current narcotic data collection methods are limited by time delay and would be complimented by a rapid data acquisition technique. Use of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) analysis may offer access to near real-time data on opioid consumption but application in the United States has been limited. From 2015 to 2017, monthly 24-h time-weighted composite samples of municipal raw wastewate ...[more]

PMID: 31195333

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Project description:ImportanceRisk of long-term opioid use among patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), who experience pain that substantially impairs quality of life, is unknown to date.ObjectiveTo compare overall and subgroup incidence of long-term opioid use in a population of opioid-naive patients with HS and control patients.Design, setting, and participantsThis retrospective cohort study was based on a demographically heterogeneous population-based sample of more than 56 million unique patients from January 1, 2008, through December 10, 2018. Patients with HS (n = 22 277) and controls (n = 828 832) were identified using electronic health records data. Data were analyzed from December 13, 2018, through January 28, 2019.Main outcomes and measuresThe primary outcome was incident long-term opioid use.ResultsAmong the 22 277 patients with HS, mean (SD) age was 40.8 (14.6) years, 16 912 (75.9%) were women, and 13 190 (59.2%) were white. Crude 1-year incidence of long-term opioid use among opioid-naive patients with HS was 0.33% (74 of 22 277), compared with 0.14% (1168 of 828 832) among controls (P < .001). In adjusted analysis, patients with HS had 1.53 (95% CI, 1.20-1.95; P < .001) times the odds of new long-term opioid use compared with controls. Among patients with HS, advancing age (odds ratio [OR], 1.02 per 1-year increase; 95% CI, 1.00-1.03; P = .05), ever smoking (OR, 3.64; 95% CI, 2.06-6.41; P < .001), history of depression (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.21-3.19; P = .006), and baseline Charlson comorbidity index score (OR, 1.15 per 1-point increase; 95% CI, 1.03-1.29; P = .01) were associated with higher odds of long-term opioid use. Among patients with HS and long-term opioid use, 4 of 74 (5.4%) were diagnosed with opioid use disorder during the study period. The most frequent schedule II opioid prescriptions included oxycodone hydrochloride (55 of 74 patients [74.3%]), hydrocodone bitartrate (44 [59.5%]), hydromorphone hydrochloride (16 [21.6%]), morphine sulfate (13 [17.6%]), and fentanyl citrate (6 [8.1%]). Tramadol hydrochloride (32 [43.2%]) represented the most frequent non-schedule II prescription. Disciplines prescribing the most opioids to patients with HS included primary care (398 [72.8%]), anesthesiology/pain management (48 [8.8%]), gastroenterology (25 [4.6%]), surgery (23 [4.2%]), and emergency medicine (10 [1.8%]).Conclusions and relevanceIn this study, patients with HS were at higher risk for long-term opioid use. These results suggest that periodic assessment of pain and screening for long-term opioid use may be warranted, particularly among patients who are older, who smoke tobacco, or who have depression and other medical comorbidities.

Project description:Objective:To examine the incidence of screening, diagnosis, and treatment of hypogonadism among men treated with opioids in the United States. Patients and Methods:Using one of the nation's largest commercial insurance databases, we identified 53,888 men aged 20 years or older who had 90 or more days of opioid prescriptions in a single 12-month period between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2017, with no history of hypogonadism or testosterone therapy in the preceding 12 months. We matched this cohort to 53,888 men with 14 or fewer days of opioid prescriptions based on age, opioid initiation date, opioid indication, and comparable exclusion criteria. We assessed whether men, 14 or fewer days after initiation of opioid treatment, received a serum testosterone test, a diagnosis of hypogonadism, or a prescription for testosterone therapy. All men were followed up until they lost coverage from the commercial insurance plan, experienced one of the study outcomes, or the end of study (December 31, 2017). Results:In the multivariable analyses-adjusting for age, year of opioid initiation, region, comorbid disease, glucocorticoid use, and health care utilization-the 53,888 prolonged opioid users, in comparison with 53,888 short-term users, had an increased incidence of serum testosterone screening (5991 [17.15%; 95% CI, 16.70%-17.61%] vs 3514 [11.55%; 95% CI, 11.11%-12.01%] at 5 years; hazard ratio [HR], 1.46; 95% CI, 1.38-1.55), hypogonadism diagnosis (3125 [9.44%; 95% CI, 9.09%-9.80%] vs 1421 [4.85%; 95% CI, 4.55%-5.16%; HR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.60-1.90]), and receipt of testosterone therapy (1919 [5.76%; 95% CI, 5.49%-6.05%] vs 631 [2.21%; 95% CI, 2.04%-2.43%; HR, 2.41; 95% CI, 2.13-2.74]). Each of these findings persisted across multiple sensitivity analyses. Conclusion:Prolonged opioid exposure was associated with increased rates of screening, diagnosis, and treatment for opioid-induced hypogonadism, but these rates were much lower than expected based on previous serum-based studies.

Dataset Information

Long-term tracking of opioid consumption in two United States cities using wastewater-based epidemiology approach.

Publications

Long-term tracking of opioid consumption in two United States cities using wastewater-based epidemiology approach.

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