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Lignin biosynthesis genes play critical roles in the adaptation of Arabidopsis plants to high-salt stress.

ABSTRACT: Salinity is a major abiotic stressor that limits the growth, development, and reproduction of plants. Our previous metabolic analysis of high salt-adapted callus suspension cell cultures from Arabidopsis roots indicated that physical reinforcement of the cell wall is an important step in adaptation to saline conditions. Compared to normal cells, salt-adapted cells exhibit an increased lignin content and thickened cell wall. In this study, we investigated not only the lignin biosynthesis gene expression patterns in salt-adapted cells, but also the effects of a loss-of-function of CCoAOMT1, which plays a critical role in the lignin biosynthesis pathway, on plant responses to high-salt stress. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed higher mRNA levels of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis, including CCoAOMT1, 4CL1, 4CL2, COMT, PAL1, PAL2, and AtPrx52, in salt-adapted cells relative to normal cells, which suggests activation of the lignin biosynthesis pathway in salt-adapted cells. Moreover, plants harboring the CCoAOMT1 mutants, ccoaomt1-1 and ccoaomt1-2, were phenotypically hypersensitive to salt stress. Our study has provided molecular and genetic evidence indicating the importance of enhanced lignin accumulation in the plant cell wall during the responses to salt stress.

SUBMITTER: Chun HJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6619940 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Backgroud: microRNA (miRNA) is implicated in plant development processes, playing pivotal roles in plant adaptation to environmental stresses. Salicornia europaea, a salt mash euhalophyte, is a good model plant to study salt adaptation mechanisms. It is also attractive in being vegetables, forage and oilseed that can be used for saline land reclamation and biofuel precursor production on marginal lands. However, none of the miRNAs from S. europaea have been identified so far. Results: Deep sequencing was performed to investigate small RNA transcriptome of S. europaea. Two hundred and twelve conserved miRNAs comprising 51 families and 31 novel miRNAs (including 7 miRNA star sequences) belonging to 30 families were identified. Interestingly, about half (13 out of 31) of the novel miRNAs were only detected in salt-treated samples. The expression of 43 conserved and 13 novel miRNAs changed significantly in response to salinity. In addition, 53 conserved miRNAs and 13 novel miRNAs were differentially expressed between shoots and roots. Furthermore, a total of 306 and 195 S. europaea unigenes were predicted to be targets of 41 conserved and 29 novel miRNA families, respectively. These targets encode a wide range of proteins, and genes involved in transcription regulation constitute the largest category. Four of them, which encode laccase, F-box family protein, SAC3/GANP family protein, and nadph-cytochrome P450 oxydoreductase, were validated using 5'-RACE. Conclusions: Our results indicate specific miRNAs are tightly regulated by salinity in shoots and/or roots of S. europaea, which play important roles in salt adaptation of this euhalophyte. The S. europaea salt-responsive miRNAs and miRNAs that target transcription factors, nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat proteins and enzymes involved in lignin biosynthesis as well as carbon and nitrogen metabolism may be applied in genetic engineering of crops with higher stress tolerance, and genetic modification of biofuel crops with higher biomass and regulatable lignin biosynthesis.

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Lignin biosynthesis genes play critical roles in the adaptation of Arabidopsis plants to high-salt stress.

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