Dataset Information

Genetic and antigenic characterization of avian influenza H9N2 viruses during 2016 in Iraq.

ABSTRACT: Background:Little is known about the antigenic and genetic characteristics of influenza A viruses circulating in poultry in Iraq. Objective:This study describes the genetic and antigenic characteristics of the detected avian influenza H9N2 viruses in Iraq during 2016. Methods:Full genome sequences of two H9N2 viruses isolated from chickens in Iraq during 2016 were assembled. Antigenic analyses of Iraqi H9N2 viruses and contemporary H9N2 isolates from Lebanon and Egypt were performed by hemagglutination inhibition assay. Results:Phylogenetic analysis of surface glycoproteins and internal segments (PB2, PA, NP, M, and NS) indicated that the Iraqi H9N2 viruses were closely related to G1-like lineage of H9N2 viruses isolated from Pakistan and Iran indicating possible epidemiological links. The PB1 segments of the current characterized H9N2 viruses were not related to any of the previously characterized H9N2 viruses and closely similar to H7N7 virus detected in chickens in Germany in 2015. Multiple genetic determinants for virulence and mammalian transmission were characterized in the characterized H9N2 viruses in Iraq. The antigenic analysis showed a close relationship between H9N2 viruses in Iraq and contemporary H9N2 viruses in Egypt and Lebanon. Like H9N2 viruses, Iraqis H9N2 virus bound to human-like receptor rather than avian-like receptor thus represent a public health risk. Conclusion:Active surveillance of avian influenza virus in poultry and migratory birds should be adopted to monitor the genesis and emergence of new viruses in Iraq.

SUBMITTER: Mohamed NS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6626158 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Genetic and antigenic characterization of avian influenza H9N2 viruses during 2016 in Iraq.

Mohamed Nadira S NS Kandeil Ahmed A Al-Zubaidy Ibrahim A H IAH Kayali Ghazi G Ali Mohamed A MA

Open veterinary journal 20190612 2

<h4>Background</h4>Little is known about the antigenic and genetic characteristics of influenza A viruses circulating in poultry in Iraq.<h4>Objective</h4>This study describes the genetic and antigenic characteristics of the detected avian influenza H9N2 viruses in Iraq during 2016.<h4>Methods</h4>Full genome sequences of two H9N2 viruses isolated from chickens in Iraq during 2016 were assembled. Antigenic analyses of Iraqi H9N2 viruses and contemporary H9N2 isolates from Lebanon and Egypt were ...[more]

PMID: 31360657

Similar Datasets

Project description:The H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) has become endemic in poultry globally; however due to its low pathogenicity, it is not under primary surveillance and control in many countries. Recent reports of human infection caused by H9N2 AIV has increased public concern. This study investigated the genetic and antigenic characteristics of H9N2 AIV isolated from local markets in nine provinces in Southern China from 2013 to 2018. We detected an increasing annual isolation rate of H9N2 AIV. Phylogenetic analyses of hemagglutinin (HA) genes suggests that isolated strains were rooted in BJ94 lineage but have evolved into new subgroups (II and III), which derived from subgroup I. The estimated substitution rate of the subgroup III strains was 6.23 × 10-3 substitutions/site/year, which was 1.5-fold faster than that of the average H9N2 HA rate (3.95 × 10-3 substitutions/site/year). Based on the antigenic distances, subgroup II and III strains resulted in two clear antigenic clusters 2 and 3, separated from the vaccine strain F98, cluster 1. New antigenic properties of subgroup III viruses were associated with 11 amino acid changes in the HA protein, suggesting antigenic drift in H9N2 viruses. Our phylogenetic and antigenic analyses of the H9N2 strains circulating in local markets in Southern China provide new insights on the antigenic diversification of H9N2 viruses. IMPORTANCE The H9N2 low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) virus has become endemic in poultry globally. In several Asian countries, vaccination against H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) was approved to reduce economic losses in the poultry industry. However, surveillance programs initiated after the introduction of vaccination identified the persistence of H9N2 AIV in poultry (especially in chicken in South Korea and China). Recent reports of human infection caused by H9N2 AIV has increased public concern. Surveillance of H9N2 circulating in poultry in the fields or markets was essential to update the vaccination strategies. This study investigated the genetic and antigenic characteristics of H9N2 AIVs isolated from local markets in nine provinces in Southern China from 2013 to 2018. The discovery of mutations in the hemagglutinin (HA) gene that result in antigenic changes provides a baseline reference for evolutionary studies of H9N2 viruses and vaccination strategies in poultry.

Dataset Information

Genetic and antigenic characterization of avian influenza H9N2 viruses during 2016 in Iraq.

Publications

Genetic and antigenic characterization of avian influenza H9N2 viruses during 2016 in Iraq.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets