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Persons with Dementia Living at Home or in Nursing Homes in Nine Swedish Urban or Rural Municipalities.

ABSTRACT: The methodology from the "RightTimePlaceCare" study of dementia care was tested locally in terms of relevance, acceptability and attrition. Comparing persons with dementia (PwDs) receiving home care (HC) with PwDs living in nursing homes (NHs), in urban versus rural areas, regarding their health conditions and informal caregiver burden was also done. Standardized measurements regarding sociodemographic, and physical and mental health was used. Questions related to legal guardianship were added. Interviews were conducted with PwDs and their caregivers in HC (n = 88) and in NHs (n = 58). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used. The attrition rate was higher in HC. In the bivariate regression model, for HC and NH, living at home was significantly associated with more severe neuropsychiatric symptoms (p ? 0.001) and being cared by a spouse (p = 0.008). In NH, the informal caregivers were significantly younger (p = 0.003) and living in rural areas (p = 0.007) and more often in paid work (p ? 0.001). In the multivariate regression model, informal caregivers were significantly younger (p = 0.007) when caring for a PwD in an NH and caregiver burden was significantly higher in HC and in urban areas (p = 0.043). Legal guardianship was very low. Professionals should acknowledge that PwDs in HC have more behavioural problems and caregivers in urban areas report higher caregiver burden.

SUBMITTER: Lethin C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6627377 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Persons with Dementia Living at Home or in Nursing Homes in Nine Swedish Urban or Rural Municipalities.

Lethin Connie C Rahm Hallberg Ingalill I Vingare Emme-Li EL Giertz Lottie L

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) 20190625 2

The methodology from the "RightTimePlaceCare" study of dementia care was tested locally in terms of relevance, acceptability and attrition. Comparing persons with dementia (PwDs) receiving home care (HC) with PwDs living in nursing homes (NHs), in urban versus rural areas, regarding their health conditions and informal caregiver burden was also done. Standardized measurements regarding sociodemographic, and physical and mental health was used. Questions related to legal guardianship were added. ...[more]

PMID: 31242681

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Project description:BackgroundDementia often eventually leads to dependency on others and finally to residential care. However, in Norway about half of the dementia population lives at home, due to individual and political wishes. There is scarce and inconclusive knowledge of how living in a nursing home differs from living at home for persons with dementia (PWDs) with regard to their quality of life (QoL). The first aim of the study was therefore to compare QoL, cognitive and physical functions, social contacts, sleep patterns, physical activity levels, exposure to light, and medication of PWDs in nursing homes and home-dwelling PWDs, and whether living in nursing homes was associated with a lower QoL than living at home for PWDs. A second aim was to examine if possible differences between residencies in QoL were consistent over time.MethodsThe cross-sectional study was based on baseline data from two RCT studies of PWDs. A total of 15 nursing homes with adapted units for PWDs and 23 adapted day care centres for home-dwelling PWDs recruited 78 and 115 participants respectively. Trained nurses scored sociodemographic data, level of dementia (on the Clinical Dementia Rating scale), amount of medication, and QoL (QUALID). Sleep patterns, physical activity levels, and light exposure were measured by actigraphy. A multiple regression analysis was used to test the association between residency and QoL. The association between residency and change in QoL over time was investigated by linear regression analysis of a subsample with follow-up data.ResultsHome-dwelling PWDs showed significantly higher QoL than PWDs in nursing homes. This difference was maintained even after stratifying on the severity of dementia. Home-dwelling PWDs with moderate dementia showed significantly less use of walking aids, more social contact, higher levels of activity and exposure to daylight, and less use of psychotropic medications. The regression model explained 28 % of the variance in QoL in persons with moderate dementia. However, only residency contributed significantly in the model. Residency also significantly predicted negative change over time in QoL.ConclusionThe study indicated that living at home as long as possible is not only desirable for economic or health political reasons but also is associated with higher QoL for persons with moderate dementia. More studies are needed to investigate how QoL could be increased for PWDs in nursing homes.

Project description:BackgroundShared decision-making provides an approach to discuss advance care planning in a participative and informed manner, embodying the principles of person-centered care. A number of guided approaches to achieve shared decision-making already exist, such as the three-talk model. However, it is uncertain whether daily practice methods in nursing home wards for persons with dementia comply with the underpinnings of this model. It is also uncertain whether professionals consider shared decision-making to be important in this context, and whether they perceive themselves sufficiently competent to practice this approach frequently.MethodsThe study has a cross-sectional design, with 65 wards (46 Belgian nursing homes) participating in the study. We compared nursing home professionals' and residents' perspectives on the level of shared decision-making during advance care planning conversations with ratings from external raters. Residents and professionals rated the level of shared decision-making by means of a questionnaire, which included the topic of the conversation. External raters assessed audio recordings of the conversations. Professionals filled in an additional self-report questionnaire on the importance of shared decision-making, their competence in practicing the approach, and with what frequency.ResultsAt ward level, professionals and residents rated the average achieved level of shared decision-making 71.53/100 (σ = 16.09) and 81.11/100 (σ = 19.18) respectively. Meanwhile, raters gave average scores of 26.97/100 (σ = 10.45). Only 23.8% of residents referred to advance care planning as the topic of the conversation. Professionals considered shared decision-making to be important (x̄=4.48/5, σ = 0.26). This result contrasted significantly with the frequency (x̄=3.48/5, σ = 0.51) and competence (x̄=3.76/5, σ = 0.27) with which these skills were practiced (P < 0.001).ConclusionsResidents with dementia are grateful when involved in discussing their care, but find it difficult to report what is discussed during these conversations. Receiving more information about advance care planning could provide them with the knowledge needed to prepare for such a conversation. External raters observe a discrepancy between the three-talk model and daily practice methods. Training programs should focus on providing professionals with better knowledge of and skills for shared decision-making. They should also promote team-based collaboration to increase the level of person-centered care in nursing home wards for persons with dementia.

Project description:BackgroundThe Targeted Intervention Interdisciplinary Model for Evaluation and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms (TIME) has recently in a three-month cluster randomised controlled trial demonstrated reduction in agitation in nursing home residents with dementia. To ease replication and future implementation, and to clarify possible causal mechanisms, we performed a process evaluation of the intervention based on the RE-AIM framework (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance).MethodsAn exploratory and a quasi-experimental design with mixed methods were used. The RE-AIM dimensions were explored by questionnaires to 807 staff members and 46 leading ward nurses in both the intervention nursing homes (INH) and the control nursing homes (CNH), before the start of the trial (baseline), and six and 12 months later. These questionnaires assessed data regarding the reach, effectiveness (staff level) and adoption dimensions. To assess implementation, we used a checklist for performance of the main components in TIME and analysed the minutes from 84 case conferences in the INH. To explore adoption and maintenance, five focus group interviews with 32 participants from the staff in the INH were conducted three to 6 months after the end of the trial.ResultsReach: On average 61% (SD 22) of the staff in each ward in the INH attended the training sessions. Effectiveness at staff level: There were no between-group differences throughout the study period for attitudes towards dementia, perceived competence or perception of mastery and social interaction. Adoption: 16 of the 17 INH completed the intervention.Implementation75% or more of the components of TIME were performed for 91% of the included residents. Maintenance: Most of the nursing homes used TIME three to 6 months after the end of the trial. An easy to grasp model and an engaged leadership facilitated the intervention and maintenance.ConclusionsA high degree of reach, adoption, implementation and maintenance contributed to the effectiveness of TIME at resident level. One other causal assumption of the effectiveness of TIME is the development in the staff of a new, shared and situated knowledge about each individual resident, not reflected by measurements in general knowledge and attitudes.Trial registrationThe trial was registered January 6, 2016 with ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT02655003 ).

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Persons with Dementia Living at Home or in Nursing Homes in Nine Swedish Urban or Rural Municipalities.

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Persons with Dementia Living at Home or in Nursing Homes in Nine Swedish Urban or Rural Municipalities.

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