Dataset Information

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Cyclophilin Gene Family in the Nematophagous Fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum.

ABSTRACT: Purpureocillium lilacinum has been widely used as a commercial biocontrol agent for the control of plant parasitic nematodes. Whole genome analysis promotes the identification of functional genes and the exploration of their molecular mechanisms. The Cyclophilin (CYP) gene family belongs to the immunophillin superfamily, and has a conserved cyclophilin-like domain (CLD). CYPs are widely identified in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and can be divided into single- and multi-domain proteins. In the present study, 10 CYP genes possessing the CLD, named PlCYP1-P10, were identified from the genome of P. lilacinum strain 36-1. Those 10 PlCYPs were predicted to have different cellular localizations in P. lilacinum. Phylogenetic and gene structure analysis revealed the evolutionary differentiation of CYPs between Ascomycotina and Saccharomycotina fungi, but conservation within the Ascomycotina fungi. Motif and gene structure distributions further support the result of phylogenetic analysis. Each PlCYP gene had a specific expression pattern in different development stages of P. lilacinum and its parasitism stage on eggs of Meloidogyne incognita. In addition, the 10 PlCYP genes exhibited different expression abundances in response to abiotic stresses, among which PlCYP4 was highly expressed at a high temperature (35 °C), while PlCYP6 was up-regulated under 5 mM of H2O2 stress. Furthermore, the heterologous expression of PlCYP4 and PlCYP6 in Escherichia coli enhanced the cellular tolerance against a high temperature and H2O2. In summary, our study indicates the potential functions of PlCYPs in virulence and the stress response, and also provides a frame for further analysis of the CYP gene family in Ascomycotina fungi.

SUBMITTER: Mo C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6627767 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Cyclophilin Gene Family in the Nematophagous Fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum.

Mo Chenmi C Xie Chong C Wang Gaofeng G Liu Juan J Hao Qiuyan Q Xiao Xueqiong X Xiao Yannong Y

International journal of molecular sciences 20190618 12

Purpureocillium lilacinum has been widely used as a commercial biocontrol agent for the control of plant parasitic nematodes. Whole genome analysis promotes the identification of functional genes and the exploration of their molecular mechanisms. The Cyclophilin (CYP) gene family belongs to the immunophillin superfamily, and has a conserved cyclophilin-like domain (CLD). CYPs are widely identified in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and can be divided into single- and multi-domai ...[more]

PMID: 31216716

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Project description:BackgroundThe fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum is widely known as a biological control agent against plant parasitic nematodes. This research article consists of genomic annotation of the first draft of whole genome sequence of P. lilacinum. The study aims to decipher the putative genetic components of the fungus involved in nematode pathogenesis by performing comparative genomic analysis with nine closely related fungal species in Hypocreales.Resultsde novo genomic assembly was done and a total of 301 scaffolds were constructed for P. lilacinum genomic DNA. By employing structural genome prediction models, 13, 266 genes coding for proteins were predicted in the genome. Approximately 73% of the predicted genes were functionally annotated using Blastp, InterProScan and Gene Ontology. A 14.7% fraction of the predicted genes shared significant homology with genes in the Pathogen Host Interactions (PHI) database. The phylogenomic analysis carried out using maximum likelihood RAxML algorithm provided insight into the evolutionary relationship of P. lilacinum. In congruence with other closely related species in the Hypocreales namely, Metarhizium spp., Pochonia chlamydosporia, Cordyceps militaris, Trichoderma reesei and Fusarium spp., P. lilacinum has large gene sets coding for G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), proteases, glycoside hydrolases and carbohydrate esterases that are required for degradation of nematode-egg shell components. Screening of the genome by Antibiotics & Secondary Metabolite Analysis Shell (AntiSMASH) pipeline indicated that the genome potentially codes for a variety of secondary metabolites, possibly required for adaptation to heterogeneous lifestyles reported for P. lilacinum. Significant up-regulation of subtilisin-like serine protease genes in presence of nematode eggs in quantitative real-time analyses suggested potential role of serine proteases in nematode pathogenesis.ConclusionsThe data offer a better understanding of Purpureocillium lilacinum genome and will enhance our understanding on the molecular mechanism involved in nematophagy.

Project description:The nematophagous fungus Purpureocillium lavendulum is a natural enemy of plant-parasitic nematodes, which cause severe economic losses in agriculture worldwide. The production of asexual spores (conidia) in P. lavendulum is crucial for its biocontrol activity against nematodes. In this study, we characterized the core regulatory genes involved in conidiation of P. lavendulum at the molecular level. The central regulatory pathway is composed of three genes, P. lavendulum brlA (PlbrlA), PlabaA, and PlwetA, which regulate the early, middle, and late stages of asexual development, respectively. The deletion of PlbrlA completely inhibited conidiation, with only conidiophore stalks produced. PlAbaA determines the differentiation of conidia from phialides. The deletion of PlwetA affected many phenotypes related to conidial maturation, including abscission of conidia from conidium strings, thickening of the cell wall layers, vacuole generation inside the cytoplasm, production of trehalose, tolerance to heat shock, etc. Comparative analyses showed that the upstream regulators of the core regulatory pathway of conidiation, especially the "fluffy" genes, were different from those in Aspergillus Besides their roles in conidiation, the central regulators also influence the production of secondary metabolites, such as the leucinostatins, in P. lavendulum Our study revealed a set of essential genes controlling conidiation in P. lavendulum and provided a framework for further molecular genetic studies on fungus-nematode interactions and for the biocontrol of plant-parasitic nematodes.IMPORTANCE Plant-parasitic nematodes cause serious damage to crops throughout the world. Purpureocillium lavendulum is a nematophagous fungus which is a natural enemy of nematodes and a potential biocontrol agent against plant-parasitic nematodes. The conidia play an important role during infection of nematodes. In this study, we identified and characterized genes involved in regulating asexual development of P. lavendulum We found that these genes not only regulate conidiation but also influence secondary-metabolite production. This work provides a basis for future studies of fungus-nematode interactions and nematode biocontrol.

Project description:Background:Especially on commodities crops like soybean, maize, cotton, coffee and others, high yields are reached mainly by the intensive use of pesticides and fertilizers. The biological management of crops is a relatively recent concept, and its application has increased expectations about a more sustainable agriculture. The use of fungi as plant bioinoculants has proven to be a useful alternative in this process, and research is deepening on genera and species with some already known potential. In this context, the present study focused on the analysis of the plant growth promotion potential of Purpureocillium lilacinum, Purpureocillium lavendulum and Metarhizium marquandii aiming its use as bioinoculants in maize, bean and soybean. Methods:Purpureocillium spp. and M. marquandii strains were isolated from soil samples. They were screened for their ability to solubilize phosphorus (P) and produce indoleacetic acid (IAA) and the most promising strains were tested at greenhouse in maize, bean and soybean plants. Growth promotion parameters including plant height, dry mass and contents of P and nitrogen (N) in the plants and in the rhizospheric soil were assessed. Results:Thirty strains were recovered and characterized as Purpureocillium lilacinum (25), Purpureocillium lavendulum (4) and Metarhizium marquandii (1). From the trial for P solubilization and IAA production, seven strains were selected and inoculated in maize, bean and soybean plants. These strains were able to modify in a different way the evaluated parameters involving plant growth in each crop, and some strains distinctly increased the availability of P and N, for the last, an uncommon occurrence involving these fungi. Moreover, the expected changes identified at the in vitro analysis were not necessarily found in planta. In addition, this study is the first to evaluate the effect of the isolated inoculation of these fungi on the growth promotion of maize, bean and soybean plants.

Dataset Information

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Cyclophilin Gene Family in the Nematophagous Fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum.

Publications

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Cyclophilin Gene Family in the Nematophagous Fungus <i>Purpureocillium lilacinum</i>.

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