Dataset Information

Dietary carbohydrate restriction improves metabolic syndrome independent of weight loss.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUNDMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly correlated with obesity and cardiovascular risk, but the importance of dietary carbohydrate independent of weight loss in MetS treatment remains controversial. Here, we test the theory that dietary carbohydrate intolerance (i.e., the inability to process carbohydrate in a healthy manner) rather than obesity per se is a fundamental feature of MetS.METHODSIndividuals who were obese with a diagnosis of MetS were fed three 4-week weight-maintenance diets that were low, moderate, and high in carbohydrate. Protein was constant and fat was exchanged isocalorically for carbohydrate across all diets.RESULTSDespite maintaining body mass, low-carbohydrate (LC) intake enhanced fat oxidation and was more effective in reversing MetS, especially high triglycerides, low HDL-C, and the small LDL subclass phenotype. Carbohydrate restriction also improved abnormal fatty acid composition, an emerging MetS feature. Despite containing 2.5 times more saturated fat than the high-carbohydrate diet, an LC diet decreased plasma total saturated fat and palmitoleate and increased arachidonate.CONCLUSIONConsistent with the perspective that MetS is a pathologic state that manifests as dietary carbohydrate intolerance, these results show that compared with eucaloric high-carbohydrate intake, LC/high-fat diets benefit MetS independent of whole-body or fat mass.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02918422.FUNDINGDairy Management Inc. and the Dutch Dairy Association.

SUBMITTER: Hyde PN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6629108 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Dietary carbohydrate restriction improves metabolic syndrome independent of weight loss.

Hyde Parker N PN Sapper Teryn N TN Crabtree Christopher D CD LaFountain Richard A RA Bowling Madison L ML Buga Alex A Fell Brandon B McSwiney Fionn T FT Dickerson Ryan M RM Miller Vincent J VJ Scandling Debbie D Simonetti Orlando P OP Phinney Stephen D SD Kraemer William J WJ King Sarah A SA Krauss Ronald M RM Volek Jeff S JS

JCI insight 20190620 12

BACKGROUNDMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly correlated with obesity and cardiovascular risk, but the importance of dietary carbohydrate independent of weight loss in MetS treatment remains controversial. Here, we test the theory that dietary carbohydrate intolerance (i.e., the inability to process carbohydrate in a healthy manner) rather than obesity per se is a fundamental feature of MetS.METHODSIndividuals who were obese with a diagnosis of MetS were fed three 4-week weight-maintenance diets ...[more]

PMID: 31217353

Similar Datasets

Project description:Sympathetic activation in subjects with the metabolic syndrome (MS) plays a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease development. Diet-induced weight loss decreases sympathetic outflow. However the mechanisms that account for sympathetic inhibition are not known. We sought to provide a detailed description of the sympathetic response to diet by analyzing the firing behavior of single-unit sympathetic nerve fibers. Fourteen subjects (57 ± 2 years, nine men, five females) fulfilling ATP III criteria for the MS underwent a 3-month low calorie diet. Metabolic profile, hemodynamic parameters, and multi-unit and single-unit muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA, microneurography) were assessed prior to and at the end of the diet. Patients' weight dropped from 96 ± 4 to 88 ± 3 kg (P < 0.001). This was associated with a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (-12 ± 3 and -5 ± 2 mmHg, P < 0.05), and in heart rate (-7 ± 2 bpm, P < 0.01) and an improvement in all metabolic parameters (fasting glucose: -0.302.1 ± 0.118 mmol/l, total cholesterol: -0.564 ± 0.164 mmol/l, triglycerides: -0.414 ± 0.137 mmol/l, P < 0.05). Multi-unit MSNA decreased from 68 ± 4 to 59 ± 5 bursts/100 heartbeats (P < 0.05). Single-unit MSNA indicated that the firing rate of individual vasoconstrictor fibers decreased from 59 ± 10 to 32 ± 4 spikes/100 heart beats (P < 0.05). The probability of firing decreased from 34 ± 5 to 23 ± 3% of heartbeats (P < 0.05), and the incidence of multiple firing decreased from 14 ± 4 to 6 ± 1% of heartbeats (P < 0.05). Cardiac and sympathetic baroreflex function were significantly improved (cardiac slope: 6.57 ± 0.69 to 9.57 ± 1.20 ms·mmHg(-1); sympathetic slope: -3.86 ± 0.34 to -5.05 ± 0.47 bursts/100 heartbeats·mmHg(-1), P < 0.05 for both). Hypocaloric diet decreased sympathetic activity and improved hemodynamic and metabolic parameters. The sympathoinhibition associated with weight loss involves marked changes, not only in the rate but also in the firing pattern of active vasoconstrictive fibers.

Dataset Information

Dietary carbohydrate restriction improves metabolic syndrome independent of weight loss.

Publications

Dietary carbohydrate restriction improves metabolic syndrome independent of weight loss.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets