Dataset Information

Differences in Auditory Distraction between Adults and Children: A Duplex-mechanism Approach.

ABSTRACT: Differences in the impact of irrelevant sound on recall performance in children (aged 7-9 years old; N = 89) compared to adults (aged 18-22 years old; N = 89) were examined. Tasks that required serial rehearsal (serial and probed-order recall tasks) were contrasted with one that did not (the missing-item task) in the presence of irrelevant sound that was either steady-state (a repeated speech token), changing-state (two alternating speech tokens) and, for the first time with a child sample, could also contain a deviant token (a male-voice token embedded in a sequence otherwise spoken in a female voice). Participants either completed tasks in which the to-be-remembered list-length was adjusted to individual digit span or was fixed at one item greater than the average span we observed for the age-group. The disruptive effects of irrelevant sound did not vary across the two methods of determining list-length. We found that tasks encouraging serial rehearsal were especially affected by changing-state sequences for both age-groups (i.e., the changing-state effect) and there were no group differences in relation to this effect. In contrast, disruption by a deviant sound-generally assumed to be the result of attentional diversion-was evident among children in all three tasks while adults were less susceptible to this effect. This pattern of results suggests that developmental differences in distraction are due to differences in attentional control rather than serial rehearsal efficiency.

SUBMITTER: Joseph TN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6634439 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Differences in Auditory Distraction between Adults and Children: A Duplex-mechanism Approach.

Joseph Tanya N TN Hughes Robert W RW Sörqvist Patrik P Marsh John E JE

Journal of cognition 20180213 1

Differences in the impact of irrelevant sound on recall performance in children (aged 7-9 years old; <i>N</i> = 89) compared to adults (aged 18-22 years old; <i>N</i> = 89) were examined. Tasks that required serial rehearsal (serial and probed-order recall tasks) were contrasted with one that did not (the missing-item task) in the presence of irrelevant sound that was either steady-state (a repeated speech token), changing-state (two alternating speech tokens) and, for the first time with a chil ...[more]

PMID: 31517187

Similar Datasets

Project description:ImportanceUp to 50% of patients may have hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) onset between age 10 and 21 years. To our knowledge, little is known about how adolescents with HS utilize health care during their journey to receiving a diagnosis.ObjectiveTo assess the clinical characteristics and health care utilization patterns of pediatric vs adult patients with HS.Design, setting, and participantsThis retrospective cohort study included adult and pediatric patients with HS claims from the MarketScan medical claims database during the study period, January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2016. The data were analyzed between March 1 and March 31, 2021.ExposuresClinical characteristics and health care utilization patterns of pediatric vs adult patients with HS.Main outcomes and measuresHealth care utilization patterns were examined and included concurrent diagnoses, outpatient care by discipline, and emergency/urgent care and inpatient claims.ResultsThis study included 8727 members, comprising 1094 pediatric (155 male [14.2%] and 939 female patients [85.8%]; mean [SD] age, 14.3 [2.47] years) and 7633 adult patients (1748 men [22.9%] and 5885 women [77.1%]; mean [SD] age, 37.2 [12.99] years). Pediatric patients were likely to see pediatricians, dermatologists, emergency department (ED) staff, and family physicians before diagnosis and commonly received diagnoses of folliculitis and comedones. Pediatric patients with HS had high rates of comorbid skin and general medical conditions, including acne vulgaris (558 [51.0%]), acne conglobata (503 [45.9%]), obesity (369 [33.7%]), and anxiety disorders (367 [33.6%]). A higher percentage of pediatric than adult patients had HS-specific claims for services rendered by emergency and urgent care physicians (35.6% vs 28.2%; P < .001; and 18.1% vs 13.4%; P < .001; respectively). However, adult patients were more likely to have inpatient stays (2.38% vs 4.22%; P = .002). Pediatric patients had 2.24 ED claims per person, while adults had 3.5 claims per person. The mean cost per ED claim was similar between groups ($413.27 vs $682.54; P = .18). The largest component of the total 5-year disease-specific cost was the cost of inpatient visits for pediatric and adult patients with HS.Conclusions and relevanceThis cohort study suggests that pediatric patients utilize high-cost ED care when HS can often be treated as an outpatient. These data suggest that there are opportunities to improve recognition of HS in pediatric patients by nondermatologists and dermatologists.

Dataset Information

Differences in Auditory Distraction between Adults and Children: A Duplex-mechanism Approach.

Publications

Differences in Auditory Distraction between Adults and Children: A Duplex-mechanism Approach.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets