Dataset Information

Long-Chain Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Markers Coaccumulate in the Skeletal Muscle of Sarcopenic Old Rats.

ABSTRACT: Obesity and inflammation are reportedly associated with the pathogenesis of sarcopenia, which is characterized by age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass. Intramuscular fat deposits have been found to compromise muscle integrity; however, the relevant fat compounds and their roles as mediators of muscular inflammation are not known. The aim of this study was to identify potential correlations between inflammation markers and lipid compounds that accumulate in the quadriceps muscle of previously described Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model for high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced muscle loss. Six-month-old SD rats were continuously fed a control (CD) or HFD until the age of 21 months. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a significant decline in muscle cross-sectional area in male SD rats as a result of HFD, but not in female rats. Here, we developed a new procedure to quantitatively identify and classify the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) in rats' quadriceps muscles from our former study using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Fatty acid analysis revealed accumulation of octadecadienoic (linoleic acid), octadecanoic (stearic acid), and octadecenoic (vaccenic acid) acids exclusively in the quadriceps muscles of male rats. The designated fatty acids were mainly incorporated into triacylglycerols (TAGs) or free fatty acids (FFAs), and their proportions were significantly elevated by consumption of a HFD. Furthermore, the number of resident immune cells and the levels of the chemokines RANTES, MCP-1, and MIP-2 were significantly increased in quadriceps muscle tissue of HFD-fed male, but not female rats. Together, HFD-induced muscle loss in aged male SD rats is associated with greater deposits of long-chain fatty acid esters and increased levels of the inflammatory markers RANTES, MCP-1, and MIP-2 in skeletal muscle tissue. This trend is further reinforced by long-term consumption of a HFD, which may provoke synergistic crosstalk between long-chain fatty acids and inflammatory pathways in sarcopenic muscle.

SUBMITTER: Laurentius T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6636585 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Long-Chain Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Markers Coaccumulate in the Skeletal Muscle of Sarcopenic Old Rats.

Laurentius Thea T Kob Robert R Fellner Claudia C Nourbakhsh Mahtab M Bertsch Thomas T Sieber Cornel Christian CC Bollheimer Leo Cornelius LC

Disease markers 20190701

Obesity and inflammation are reportedly associated with the pathogenesis of sarcopenia, which is characterized by age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass. Intramuscular fat deposits have been found to compromise muscle integrity; however, the relevant fat compounds and their roles as mediators of muscular inflammation are not known. The aim of this study was to identify potential correlations between inflammation markers and lipid compounds that accumulate in the quadriceps muscle of previously ...[more]

PMID: 31354893

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Project description:As important commensals in the chicken intestine, Bacteroides are essential complex carbohydrate degraders, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers that are highly adapted to the distal gut. Previous studies have shown large variation in Bacteroides abundance in young chickens. However, limited information is available regarding how this variation affects the gut microbiome and host immunity. To investigate how elevated or depleted Bacteroides levels affect gut microbial functional capacity and impact host response, we sampled 7-day-old broiler chickens from 14 commercial production flocks. Week-old broiler chickens were screened and birds with low Bacteroides (LB) and high Bacteroides (HB) abundance were identified via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays. Cecal microbial functionality and SCFA concentration of chickens with distinct cecal Bacteroides abundance were profiled by shotgun metagenomic sequencing and gas chromatography, respectively. The intestinal immune responses of LB and HB chickens were assessed via reverse transcription qPCR. Results showed that the gut microbiota of the LB group had increased abundance of lactic acid bacteria pyruvate fermentation pathway, whereas complex polysaccharide degradation and SCFA production pathways were enriched in the HB group (P < 0.05), which was supported by increased SCFA concentrations in the ceca of HB chickens (P < 0.05). HB chickens also showed decreased expression of interleukin-1β and increased expression of interleukin-10 and tight-junction protein claudin-1 (P < 0.05). Overall, the results indicated that elevated Bacteroides may benefit the 7-day broiler gut and that further work should be done to confirm the causal role of Bacteroides in the observed positive outcomes. IMPORTANCE To date, limited information is available comparing distinct Bacteroides compositions in the chicken gut microbial communities, particularly in the context of microbial functional capacities and host responses. This study showed that possessing a microbiome with elevated Bacteroides in early life may confer beneficial effects to the chicken host, particularly in improving SCFA production and gut health. This study is among the first metagenomic studies focusing on the early life chicken gut microbiota structure, microbial functionality, and host immune responses. We believe that it will offer insights to future studies on broiler gut microbial population and their effects on host health.

Dataset Information

Long-Chain Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Markers Coaccumulate in the Skeletal Muscle of Sarcopenic Old Rats.

Publications

Long-Chain Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Markers Coaccumulate in the Skeletal Muscle of Sarcopenic Old Rats.

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