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Differential gene expression in skeletal organic matrix proteins of scleractinian corals associated with mixed aragonite/calcite skeletons under low mMg/Ca conditions.


ABSTRACT: Although coral skeletons generally comprise aragonite crystals, changes in the molar Mg/Ca ratio (mMg/Ca) in seawater result in the incorporation of calcite crystals. The formation mechanism of aragonite and calcite crystals in the scleractinian coral Acropora tenuis was therefore investigated by RNA-seq analysis, using early growth stage calcite (mMg/Ca = 0.5) and aragonite (mMg/Ca = 5.2)-based corals. As a result, 1,287 genes were up-regulated and 748 down-regulated in calcite-based corals. In particular, sixty-eight skeletogenesis-related genes, such as ectin, galaxin, and skeletal aspartic acid-rich protein, were detected as up-regulated, and six genes, such as uncharacterized skeletal organic matrix protein 5, down-regulated, in low-Mg/Ca conditions. Since the number of down-regulated genes associated with the skeletal organic matrix of aragonite skeletons was much lower than that of up-regulated genes, it is thought that corals actively initiate construction of an aragonite skeleton by the skeletal organic matrix in low-Mg/Ca conditions. In addition, different types of skeletal organic matrix proteins, extracellular matrix proteins and calcium ion binding proteins appeared to change their expression in both calcite-formed and normal corals, suggesting that the composition of these proteins could be a key factor in the selective formation of aragonite or calcite CaCO3.

SUBMITTER: Yuyama I 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6637933 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Differential gene expression in skeletal organic matrix proteins of scleractinian corals associated with mixed aragonite/calcite skeletons under low <i>m</i>Mg/Ca conditions.

Yuyama Ikuko I   Higuchi Tomihiko T  

PeerJ 20190715


Although coral skeletons generally comprise aragonite crystals, changes in the molar Mg/Ca ratio (<i>m</i>Mg/Ca) in seawater result in the incorporation of calcite crystals. The formation mechanism of aragonite and calcite crystals in the scleractinian coral <i>Acropora tenuis</i> was therefore investigated by RNA-seq analysis, using early growth stage calcite (<i>m</i>Mg/Ca = 0.5) and aragonite (<i>m</i>Mg/Ca = 5.2)-based corals. As a result, 1,287 genes were up-regulated and 748 down-regulated  ...[more]

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2012-11-22 | GSE37279 | GEO