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Farther, slower, stronger: how the plant genetic background protects a major resistance gene from breakdown.

ABSTRACT: Genetic resistance provides efficient control of crop diseases, but is limited by pathogen evolution capacities which often result in resistance breakdown. It has been demonstrated recently, in three different pathosystems, that polygenic resistances combining a major-effect gene and quantitative resistance controlled by the genetic background are more durable than monogenic resistances (with the same major gene in a susceptible genetic background), but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Using the pepper-Potato virus Y system, we examined three mechanisms that could account for the greater durability of the polygenic resistances: (i) the additional quantitative resistance conferred by the genetic background; (ii) the increase in the number of mutations required for resistance breakdown; and (iii) the slower selection of adapted resistance-breaking mutants within the viral population. The three mechanisms were experimentally validated. The first explained a large part of the variation in resistance breakdown frequency and is therefore expected to be a major determinant of resistance durability. Quantitative resistance factors also had an influence on the second mechanism by modifying the virus mutational pathways towards resistance breakdown and could also have an influence on the third mechanism by increasing genetic drift effects on the viral population. The relevance of these results for other plant-pathogen systems and their importance in plant breeding are discussed.

SUBMITTER: Quenouille J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6638760 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Farther, slower, stronger: how the plant genetic background protects a major resistance gene from breakdown.

Quenouille Julie J Montarry Josselin J Palloix Alain A Moury Benoit B

Molecular plant pathology 20121010 2

Genetic resistance provides efficient control of crop diseases, but is limited by pathogen evolution capacities which often result in resistance breakdown. It has been demonstrated recently, in three different pathosystems, that polygenic resistances combining a major-effect gene and quantitative resistance controlled by the genetic background are more durable than monogenic resistances (with the same major gene in a susceptible genetic background), but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Usi ...[more]

PMID: 23046402

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Project description:The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem, affected by both environmental factors and host genetics. Here, we aim at uncovering the bacterial taxa whose gut persistence is controlled by host genetic variation. We used a murine model based on inbred lines BALB/c and C57BL/6J and their F1 reciprocal hybrids (♀C57BL/6J × ♂BALB/c; ♀BALB/c × ♂C57BL/6J). To guarantee genetic similarity of F1 offspring, including the sex chromosomes, we used only female mice. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we found that the genetically different inbred lines present different microbiota, whereas their genetically identical F1 reciprocal hybrids presented similar microbiota. Moreover, the F1 microbial composition differed from that of both parental lines. Twelve taxa were shown to have genetically controlled gut persistence, while none were found to show maternal effects. Nine of these taxa were dominantly inherited by the C57BL/6J line. Cohousing of the parental inbred lines resulted in a temporary and minor shift in microbiota composition, which returned back to the former microbial composition following separation, indicating that each line tends to maintain a unique bacterial signature reflecting the line. Taken together, our findings indicate that mouse genetics has an effect on the microbial composition in the gut, which is greater than maternal effect and continuous exposure to different microbiota of the alternative line. Uncovering the bacterial taxa associated with host genetics and understanding their role in the gut ecosystem could lead to the development of genetically oriented probiotic products, as part of the personalized medicine approach.IMPORTANCE The gut microbiota play important roles for their host. The link between host genetics and their microbial composition has received increasing interest. Using a unique reciprocal cross model, generating genetically similar F1 hybrids with different maternal inoculation, we demonstrate the inheritance of gut persistence of 12 bacterial taxa. No taxa identified as maternally transmitted. Moreover, cohabitation of two genetically different inbred lines did not dramatically affect the microbiota composition. Taken together, our results demonstrate the importance of the genetic effect over maternal inoculation or effect of exposure to unlike exogenous microbiota. These findings may lead to the development of personalized probiotic products, specifically designed according to the genetic makeup.

Dataset Information

Farther, slower, stronger: how the plant genetic background protects a major resistance gene from breakdown.

Publications

Farther, slower, stronger: how the plant genetic background protects a major resistance gene from breakdown.

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