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Flavonoid accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana root galls caused by the obligate biotrophic pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae.

ABSTRACT: Three different flavonoids-naringenin, quercetin and kaempferol-accumulate in root galls of Arabidopsis thaliana after infection with the obligate biotrophic pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae. In addition, high-performance liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography analysis indicated that these flavonoids and their glycosides were induced in galls rather than in healthy roots. The transcripts of selected genes involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids were up-regulated during the time course of the disease. Some, such as chalcone synthase and chalcone isomerase, were up-regulated at both times investigated in this study, whereas up-regulation was observed only at later times for others, such as a flavonol synthase-like gene. Plants with mutations in different flavonoid biosynthesis genes were slightly more tolerant to clubroot at low infection pressure. However, flavonoid treatment of either leaves or roots did not reduce gall development. The possibility that flavonoids might influence auxin levels by regulating auxin transport or auxin degradation in roots was investigated by measuring auxin levels and response in roots of flavonoid-deficient mutants and the wild-type after inoculation with P. brassicae, as well as the antioxidative potential of flavonoids in the peroxidase-catalysed degradation of indole-3-acetic acid. In addition, the auxin transport rate from the shoots to the roots was measured in infected wild-type or flavonoid mutant plants compared with controls. In conclusion, our results indicate a role of flavonoids in the modulation of auxin efflux in root galls.

SUBMITTER: Pasold S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6640481 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Flavonoid accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana root galls caused by the obligate biotrophic pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae.

Päsold Susanne S Siegel Ina I Seidel Claudia C Ludwig-Müller Jutta J

Molecular plant pathology 20100701 4

Three different flavonoids-naringenin, quercetin and kaempferol-accumulate in root galls of Arabidopsis thaliana after infection with the obligate biotrophic pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae. In addition, high-performance liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography analysis indicated that these flavonoids and their glycosides were induced in galls rather than in healthy roots. The transcripts of selected genes involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids were up-regulated during the time ...[more]

PMID: 20618711

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Project description:BackgroundPlasmodiophora brassicae is the causal agent of clubroot disease of cruciferous plants and one of the biggest threats to the rapeseed (Brassica napus) and brassica vegetable industry worldwide.Disease symptomsIn the advanced stages of clubroot disease wilting, stunting, yellowing, and redness are visible in the shoots. However, the typical symptoms of the disease are the presence of club-shaped galls in the roots of susceptible hosts that block the absorption of water and nutrients.Host rangeMembers of the family Brassicaceae are the primary host of the pathogen, although some members of the family, such as Bunias orientalis, Coronopus squamatus, and Raphanus sativus, have been identified as being consistently resistant to P. brassicae isolates with variable virulence profile.TaxonomyClass: Phytomyxea; Order: Plasmodiophorales; Family: Plasmodiophoraceae; Genus: Plasmodiophora; Species: Plasmodiophora brassicae (Woronin, 1877).DistributionClubroot disease is spread worldwide, with reports from all continents except Antarctica. To date, clubroot disease has been reported in more than 80 countries.PathotypingBased on its virulence on different hosts, P. brassicae is classified into pathotypes or races. Five main pathotyping systems have been developed to understand the relationship between P. brassicae and its hosts. Nowadays, the Canadian clubroot differential is extensively used in Canada and has so far identified 36 different pathotypes based on the response of a set of 13 hosts.Effectors and resistanceAfter the identification and characterization of the clubroot pathogen SABATH-type methyltransferase PbBSMT, several other effectors have been characterized. However, no avirulence gene is known, hindering the functional characterization of the five intercellular nucleotide-binding (NB) site leucine-rich-repeat (LRR) receptors (NLRs) clubroot resistance genes validated to date.Important linkCanola Council of Canada is constantly updating information about clubroot and P. brassicae as part of their Canola Encyclopedia: https://www.canolacouncil.org/canola-encyclopedia/diseases/clubroot/.Phytosanitary categorizationPLADBR: EPPO A2 list; Annex designation 9E.

Project description:BackgroundClubroot is an important disease caused by the obligate parasite Plasmodiophora brassicae that infects the Brassicaceae. As a soil-borne pathogen, P. brassicae induces the generation of abnormal tissue in the root, resulting in the formation of galls. Root infection negatively affects the uptake of water and nutrients in host plants, severely reducing their growth and productivity. Many studies have emphasized the molecular and physiological effects of the clubroot disease on root tissues. The aim of the present study is to better understand the effect of P. brassicae on the transcriptome of both shoot and root tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana.ResultsTranscriptome profiling using RNA-seq was performed on both shoot and root tissues at 17, 20 and 24 days post inoculation (dpi) of A. thaliana, a model plant host for P. brassicae. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between infected and uninfected samples was larger in shoot than in root. In both shoot and root, more genes were differentially regulated at 24 dpi than the two earlier time points. Genes that were highly regulated in response to infection in both shoot and root primarily were involved in the metabolism of cell wall compounds, lipids, and shikimate pathway metabolites. Among hormone-related pathways, several jasmonic acid biosynthesis genes were upregulated in both shoot and root tissue. Genes encoding enzymes involved in cell wall modification, biosynthesis of sucrose and starch, and several classes of transcription factors were generally differently regulated in shoot and root.ConclusionsThese results highlight the similarities and differences in the transcriptomic response of above- and below-ground tissues of the model host Arabidopsis following P. brassicae infection. The main transcriptomic changes in root metabolism during clubroot disease progression were identified. An overview of DEGs in the shoot underlined the physiological changes in above-ground tissues following pathogen establishment and disease progression. This study provides insights into host tissue-specific molecular responses to clubroot development and may have applications in the development of clubroot markers for more effective breeding strategies.

Dataset Information

Flavonoid accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana root galls caused by the obligate biotrophic pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae.

Publications

Flavonoid accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana root galls caused by the obligate biotrophic pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae.

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