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Systemic acquired resistance is induced by R gene-mediated responses independent of cell death.

ABSTRACT: On infection by pathogens, plants initiate defence responses that are able to curtail infection locally. These responses are mediated either by receptor-like proteins that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns or by the protein products of disease resistance (R) genes. At the same time, primary defence responses often result in the generation of signals that induce what is known as systemic acquired resistance (SAR), such that defence responses are enhanced on secondary pathogen challenge in distal tissues. R protein-mediated SAR induction is normally accompanied by a type of programmed cell death known as the hypersensitive response (HR) and, in some instances, cell death alone has been implicated in the induction of SAR. This has raised the question of whether R protein-mediated signalling per se induces SAR or whether SAR is an indirect result of the induction of HR. Using the Rx gene of potato, which confers resistance to Potato Virus X in the absence of cell death, we have shown that the HR is dispensable for R protein-mediated induction of SAR and that Rx-induced SAR is mediated by the same salicylate-dependent pathway induced by other R proteins.

SUBMITTER: Liu PP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6640503 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Systemic acquired resistance is induced by R gene-mediated responses independent of cell death.

Liu Po-Pu PP Bhattacharjee Saikat S Klessig Daniel F DF Moffett Peter P

Molecular plant pathology 20100101 1

On infection by pathogens, plants initiate defence responses that are able to curtail infection locally. These responses are mediated either by receptor-like proteins that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns or by the protein products of disease resistance (R) genes. At the same time, primary defence responses often result in the generation of signals that induce what is known as systemic acquired resistance (SAR), such that defence responses are enhanced on secondary pathogen chall ...[more]

PMID: 20078784

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Project description:Genome-wide microarray analyses revealed that during biological activation of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in Arabidopsis, the transcript levels of several hundred plant genes were consistently up- (SAR(+) genes) or down-regulated (SAR(-) genes) in systemic, non-inoculated leaf tissue. This transcriptional reprogramming fully depended on the SAR regulator FLAVIN-DEPENDENT MONOOXYGENASE1 (FMO1). Functional gene categorization showed that genes associated with salicylic acid (SA)-associated defenses, signal transduction, transport, and the secretory machinery are overrepresented in the group of SAR(+) genes, and that the group of SAR(-) genes is enriched in genes activated via the jasmonate (JA)/ethylene (ET)-defense pathway, as well as in genes associated with cell wall remodeling and biosynthesis of constitutively produced secondary metabolites. This suggests that SAR-induced plants reallocate part of their physiological activity from vegetative growth towards SA-related defense activation. Alignment of the SAR expression data with other microarray information allowed us to define three clusters of SAR(+) genes. Cluster I consists of genes tightly regulated by SA. Cluster II genes can be expressed independently of SA, and this group is moderately enriched in H2O2- and abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive genes. The expression of the cluster III SAR(+) genes is partly SA-dependent. We propose that SA-independent signaling events in early stages of SAR activation enable the biosynthesis of SA and thus initiate SA-dependent SAR signaling. Both SA-independent and SA-dependent events tightly co-operate to realize SAR. SAR(+) genes function in the establishment of diverse resistance layers, in the direct execution of resistance against different (hemi-)biotrophic pathogen types, in suppression of the JA- and ABA-signaling pathways, in redox homeostasis, and in the containment of defense response activation. Our data further indicated that SAR-associated defense priming can be realized by partial pre-activation of particular defense pathways.

Dataset Information

Systemic acquired resistance is induced by R gene-mediated responses independent of cell death.

Publications

Systemic acquired resistance is induced by R gene-mediated responses independent of cell death.

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