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The synthesis and biological evaluation of novel gardenamide A derivatives as multifunctional neuroprotective agents.

ABSTRACT: A novel series of gardenamide A derivatives was synthesized as potential anti-Alzheimer's disease agents. The neuroprotective effects of these multifunctional agents against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced neurotoxicity in rat cortical neurons, and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)- and amyloid-?_1-42 (A?_1-42)-induced neurotoxicity in rat hippocampal neurons were evaluated. In vitro studies revealed that these compounds demonstrated moderate to good multifunctional neuroprotective activity. Among the entire series, compounds 10e, 10j, 10n and 10p appeared to be the most active multifunctional neuroprotective agents. Studies indicate that compounds 10e, 10f, 10h, 10i, 10j, 10n and 10p exhibit significant activities against OGD-induced neurotoxicity in rat cortical neurons, and 10e, 10j, 10n and 10p show prominent activities against H₂O₂- and A?_1-42-induced neurotoxicity in rat hippocampal neurons. Moreover, these derivatives did not exert conspicuous neurotoxicity in rat cortical neurons. Thus, the present study evidently shows that 10e, 10j, 10n and 10p are potent multifunctional neuroprotective agents, which may serve as promising lead candidates for anti-Alzheimer's disease drug development.

SUBMITTER: Zhang Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6640559 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The synthesis and biological evaluation of novel gardenamide A derivatives as multifunctional neuroprotective agents.

Zhang Zuzhi Z Wang Yujun Y Zhang Yanchun Y Li Jiaming J Huang Weijun W Wang Lei L

MedChemComm 20190524 7

A novel series of gardenamide A derivatives was synthesized as potential anti-Alzheimer's disease agents. The neuroprotective effects of these multifunctional agents against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced neurotoxicity in rat cortical neurons, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)- and amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ1-42)-induced neurotoxicity in rat hippocampal neurons were evaluated. In vitro studies revealed that these compounds demonstrated moderate to g ...[more]

PMID: 31391892

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Project description:This study reports the formation of 5-FU co-crystals with four different pharmacologically safe co-formers; Urea, Thiourea, Acetanilide and Aspirin using methanol as a solvent. Two fabrication schemes were followed i.e., solid-state grinding protocol, in which API and co-formers were mixed through vigorous grinding while in the other method separate solutions of both the components were made and mixed together. The adopted approaches offer easy fabrication protocols, no temperature maintenance requirements, no need of expensive solvents, hardly available apparatus, isolation and purification of the desired products. In addition, there is no byproducts formation, In fact, a phenomenon embracing the requirements of green synthesis. Through FTIR analysis; for API the N-H absorption frequency was recorded at 3409.02 cm-1 and that of -C[bond, double bond]O was observed at 1647.77 cm-1. These characteristics peaks of 5-FU were significantly shifted and recorded at 3499.40 cm-1 and 1649.62 cm-1 for 5-FU-Ac (3B) and 3496.39 cm-1 and 1659.30 cm-1 for 5-FU-As (4B) co-crystals for N-H and -C[bond, double bond]O groups respectively. The structural differences between API and co-crystals were further confirmed through PXRD analysis. The characteristic peak of 5-FU at 2? = 28.79918o was significantly shifted in the graphs of co-crystals not only in position but also with respect to intensity and FWHM values. In addition, new peaks were also recorded in all the spectra of co-formers confirming the structural differences between API and co-formers. In addition, percent growth inhibition was also observed by all the co-crystals through MTT assay against HCT 116 colorectal cell lines in vitro. At four different concentrations; 25, 50, 100 and 200 µg/mL, slightly different trends of the effectiveness of API and co-crystals were observed. However; among all the co-crystal forms, 5-FU-thiourea co-crystals obtained through solution method (2B) proved to be the most effective growth inhibitor at all the four above mentioned concentrations.

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The synthesis and biological evaluation of novel gardenamide A derivatives as multifunctional neuroprotective agents.

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The synthesis and biological evaluation of novel gardenamide A derivatives as multifunctional neuroprotective agents.

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