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Fabrication of a Cu(II)-Selective Electrode in the Polyvinyl Chloride Matrix Utilizing Mechanochemically Synthesized Rhodamine 6g as an Ionophore.

ABSTRACT: A Cu(II)-selective electrode has been fabricated by utilizing a mechanochemically synthesized copper-specific ionophore "L" embedded in a poly(vinyl chloride) membrane. 2-Nitrophenyloctylether and sodium tetraphenylborate have been used as a plasticizer and as a solvent mediator, respectively, and found to be enhancing the sensitivity of the fabricated ion-selective electrode (ISE). A range of membranes (S1-S7) with varying compositions were casted and investigated in ISE. Results revealed an excellent Nernstian response of 29.38 ± 0.55 mV/dec for the ISE S6. The fabricated ISE operates well in the pH window 4.0-7.5, and the limit of detection was found to be 5 μM (0.3 ppm). Quick response time (15 s), long shelf-life, and selectivity (on the order of 10^-4 and 10^-5) over a number of interfering cations enabled S6 promising for real off laboratory sample analysis and can be employed to detect copper ion in various industrial as well as biological and environmental samples. To demonstrate the practical application of these ISE, the Cu concentration in the digested printed circuit board has been estimated using the standard calibration plot. The fabricated ISE has been regenerated through extracting copper by chelating with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.

SUBMITTER: Paul A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6643935 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Consecutive Photoinduced Electron Transfer (conPET): The Mechanism of the Photocatalyst Rhodamine 6G.

Project description:The dye rhodamine 6G can act as a photocatalyst through photoinduced electron transfer. After electronic excitation with green light, rhodamine 6G takes an electron from an electron donor, such as N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and forms the rhodamine 6G radical. This radical has a reduction potential of around -0.90 V and can split phenyl iodide into iodine anions and phenyl radicals. Recently, it has been reported that photoexcitation of the radical at 420 nm splits aryl bromides into bromide anions and aryl radicals. This requires an increase in reduction potential, hence the electronically excited rhodamine 6G radical was proposed as the reducing agent. Here, we present a study of the mechanism of the formation and photoreactions of the rhodamine 6G radical by transient absorption spectroscopy in the time range from femtoseconds to minutes in combination with quantum chemical calculations. We conclude that one photon of 540 nm light produces two rhodamine 6G radicals. The lifetime of the photoexcited radicals of around 350 fs is too short to allow diffusion-controlled interaction with a substrate. A fraction of the excited radicals ionize spontaneously, presumably producing solvated electrons. This decay produces hot rhodamine 6G and hot rhodamine 6G radicals, which cool with a time constant of around 10 ps. In the absence of a substrate, the ejected electrons recombine with rhodamine 6G and recover the radical on a timescale of nanoseconds. Photocatalytic reactions occur only upon excitation of the rhodamine 6G radical, and due to its short excited-state lifetime, the electron transfer to the substrate probably takes place through the generation of solvated electrons as an additional step in the proposed photochemical mechanism.

| S-EPMC7383674 | biostudies-literature

LiFePO4 microcrystals as an efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst in degradation of rhodamine 6G.

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| S-EPMC4051962 | biostudies-literature

Determination of Rhodamine 6G with direct immersion single-drop microextraction combined with an optical probe.

Project description:The combination of an optical probe and single-drop direct immersion microextraction (DI-SDME-OP) was used for the preconcentration and subsequent spectrophotometric determination of rhodamine 6G (Rh6G). The developed method is based on the formation of an ionic associate between Rh6G and picric acid at pH 3.0 and its extraction with amyl acetate. A microdrop of the organic phase was stably placed in the hole of an optical probe immersed in the sample solution. The absorbance of the extraction phase was monitored at 534 nm. The proposed method combines in a single step several stages of the analytical procedure, such as pre-concentration, phase separation, transfer of the extraction phase to the instrument and online measurement. The sensitivity of the proposed approach is not inferior to existing microextraction methods involving the combination of liquid-phase or solid-phase extraction with spectrophotometry or HPLC with a UV-Vis detector. The evaluation of the greenness of the developed method carried out by the AGREE method (0.58 points) showed that it outperforms other similar existing techniques using this parameter. The calibration plot for the determination of Rh6G by the DI-SDME-OP method was linear over the range of 10-500 nM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9956. The limit of detection was 3.4 nM. The accuracy and applicability of the method were evaluated by the determination of Rh6G in natural waters and lipstick.

| S-EPMC11332950 | biostudies-literature

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