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Effective Inhibition of Phytopathogenic Microbes by Eco-Friendly Leaf Extract Mediated Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs).

ABSTRACT:

Abstract

This study was aimed at producing the eco-friendly, safe, and inexpensive silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) and assessing its antimicrobial activity. Fungal pathogens isolated from diseased leaves and fruits of brinjal and bacterial pathogen obtained from a culture collection were used in this study. Green synthesis of AgNPs was performed and optimized using Azadirachta indica leaf extract. The newly synthesized AgNPs (?_max?=?437 nm) showed isotropism in size (crystal size/diameter: 21/29?±?5 nm) and morphology under transmission and scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The fourier transform infrared spectroscopy data suggested the role of various aliphatic/aromatic moieties and proteins in AgNPs stabilization. The AgNPs reduced the growth of Penicillium sp. maximally by 92% after 6 days. The sensitivity of test fungi towards AgNPs followed the order: Penicillium sp. (92%)?>?Fusarium sp. (89%)?>?Aspergillus sp. (69%). Exposure of Ralstonia solanacearum to AgNPs (MIC/MBC 200/400 µg ml^-1) displayed damaged cellular envelopes, bulging of cells, and pit formation. The nucleic acid discharge showed a progressive increase from 8 to 34% (r²?=?0.97). The cellular metabolic activity and surface adhering ability of R. solanacearum were completely lost at 400 µgAgNPs ml^-1. Results suggested that the AgNPs synthesized in this study had enough anti-pathogenic potential and could inexpensively and safely be used as a promising alternative to agrochemicals. Moreover, the findings observed in this study is likely to serve as an important indicator for the development of effective nano-control agents which in effect would help to manage some deadly phyto-pathogens capable of causing heavy losses to agricultural production systems.

Graphical abstract

Effective inhibition of phytopathogenic microbes by eco-friendly neem leaf extract mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).

SUBMITTER: Haroon M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6646496 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effective Inhibition of Phytopathogenic Microbes by Eco-Friendly Leaf Extract Mediated Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs).

Haroon Mahvash M Zaidi Almas A Ahmed Bilal B Rizvi Asfa A Khan Mohammad Saghir MS Musarrat Javed J

Indian journal of microbiology 20190329 3

<h4>Abstract</h4>This study was aimed at producing the eco-friendly, safe, and inexpensive silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) and assessing its antimicrobial activity. Fungal pathogens isolated from diseased leaves and fruits of brinjal and bacterial pathogen obtained from a culture collection were used in this study. Green synthesis of AgNPs was performed and optimized using <i>Azadirachta indica</i> leaf extract. The newly synthesized AgNPs (λ<sub>max</sub> = 437 nm) showed isotropism in size (cr ...[more]

PMID: 31388204

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Project description:So far, several studies have focused on the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles making use of extracts from the fruit of the plants from the genus Capsicum. However, as the fruit is the edible, and highly commercial, part of the plant, in this work we focused on the leaves, a part of the plant that is considered agro-industrial waste. The biological synthesis of gold (AuNPs) and silver (AgNPs) nanoparticles using aqueous extracts of root, stem and leaf of Capsicum chinense was evaluated, obtaining the best results with the leaf extract. Gold and silver nanoparticles synthesized using leaf extract (AuNPs-leaf and AgNPs-leaf, respectively) were characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy with Attenuated Total Reflection (FTIR-ATR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Ultra Hight Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled to Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (UHR-SEM-EDX) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and tested for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. In addition, different metabolites involved in the synthesis of nanoparticles were analyzed. We found that by the use of extracts derived from the leaf, we could generate stable and easy to synthesize AuNPs and AgNPs. The AuNPs-leaf were synthesized using microwave radiation, while the AgNPs-leaf were synthesized using UV light radiation. The antioxidant activity of the extract, determined by ABTS, showed a decrease of 44.7% and 60.7% after the synthesis of the AuNPs-leaf and AgNPs-leaf, respectively. After the AgNPs-leaf synthesis, the concentration of polyphenols, reducing sugars and amino acids decreased by 15.4%, 38.7% and 46.8% in the leaf extract, respectively, while after the AuNPs-leaf synthesis only reducing sugars decreased by 67.7%. These results suggest that these groups of molecules are implicated in the reduction/stabilization of the nanoparticles. Although the contribution of these compounds in the synthesis of the AuNPs-leaf and the AgNPs-leaf was different. Finally, the AgNPs-leaf inhibited the growth of S. aureus, E. coli, S. marcescens and E. faecalis. All of them are bacterial strains of clinical importance due to their fast antibiotic resistance development.

Dataset Information

Effective Inhibition of Phytopathogenic Microbes by Eco-Friendly Leaf Extract Mediated Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs).

Abstract

Graphical abstract

Publications

Effective Inhibition of Phytopathogenic Microbes by Eco-Friendly Leaf Extract Mediated Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs).

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