Dataset Information

Persicariajucunda var. rotunda (Polygonaceae, Persicarieae), a distinct distylous taxa raised to specific rank.

ABSTRACT: Persicariajucunda(Meisn.)Migovar.rotunda (Z.Z.Zhou & Q.Y.Sun) Bo Li was originally published in the genus Polygonum L. and treated as a variety of P.rotundum Meisn. [?Persicariajucunda (Meisn.) Migo]. After carefully comparing the macro- and micro-morphological characteristics of the achenes, leaf epidermis and tepals and the habitat between the variety and its typical variety, we confirmed that P.jucundavar.rotunda is clearly different from P.jucunda and should not be treated as a variety, but be raised to a specific rank as P.rotunda (Z.Z.Zhou & Q.Y.Sun) Bo Li. The species is distylous and could be easily distinguished from all other Persicaria taxa by a combination of morphological characters, such as completely decumbent leafless basal branches, almost sessile leaves, linear-lanceolate with rounded leaf bases, spicate, short and dense inflorescences, slender pedicels longer than bracts and dimorphic flowers and achenes. P.rotunda is endemic to several large wetlands of eastern China and usually occurs as one of the dominant species in some plant communities.

SUBMITTER: Guo YN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6650441 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Persicariajucunda var. rotunda (Polygonaceae, Persicarieae), a distinct distylous taxa raised to specific rank.

Guo Yue-Ning YN Chen Shao-Feng SF Chen Ming-Lin ML Li Bo B

PhytoKeys 20190716

Persicariajucunda(Meisn.)Migovar.rotunda (Z.Z.Zhou & Q.Y.Sun) Bo Li was originally published in the genus Polygonum L. and treated as a variety of P.rotundum Meisn. [≡Persicariajucunda (Meisn.) Migo]. After carefully comparing the macro- and micro-morphological characteristics of the achenes, leaf epidermis and tepals and the habitat between the variety and its typical variety, we confirmed that P.jucundavar.rotunda is clearly different from P.jucunda and should not b ...[more]

PMID: 31360097

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Project description:BackgroundFagopyrum (Polygonaceae) is a small plant lineage comprised of more than fifteen economically and medicinally important species. However, the phylogenetic relationships of the genus are not well explored, and the characteristics of Fagopyrum chloroplast genomes (plastomes) remain poorly understood so far. It restricts the comprehension of species diversity in Fagopyrum. Therefore, a comparative plastome analysis and comprehensive phylogenomic analyses are required to reveal the taxonomic relationship among species of Fagopyrum.ResultsIn the current study, 12 plastomes were sequenced and assembled from eight species and two varieties of Fagopyrum. In the comparative analysis and phylogenetic analysis, eight previously published plastomes of Fagopyrum were also included. A total of 49 plastomes of other genera in Polygonaceae were retrieved from GenBank and used for comparative analysis with Fagopyrum. The variation of the Fagopyrum plastomes is mainly reflected in the size and boundaries of inverted repeat/single copy (IR/SC) regions. Fagopyrum is a relatively basal taxon in the phylogenomic framework of Polygonaceae comprising a relatively smaller plastome size (158,768-159,985 bp) than another genus of Polygonaceae (158,851-170,232 bp). A few genera of Polygonaceae have nested distribution of the IR/SC boundary variations. Although most species of Fagopyrum show the same IRb/SC boundary with species of Polygonaceae, only a few species show different IRa/SC boundaries. The phylogenomic analyses of Fagopyrum supported the cymosum and urophyllum groups and resolved the systematic position of subclades within the urophyllum group. Moreover, the repeat sequence types and numbers were found different between groups of Fagopyrum. The plastome sequence identity showed significant differences between intra-group and inter-group.ConclusionsThe deletions of intergenic regions cause a short length of Fagopyrum plastomes, which may be the main reason for plastome size diversity in Polygonaceae species. The phylogenomic reconstruction combined with the characteristics comparison of plastomes supports grouping within Fagopyrum. The outcome of these genome resources may facilitate the taxonomy, germplasm resources identification as well as plant breeding of Fagopyrum.

Project description:Upon receptor activator of NF-?B ligand (RANKL) binding, RANK promotes osteoclast formation through the recruitment of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factors (TRAFs). In vitro assays identified two RANK intracellular motifs that bind TRAFs: PVQEET560-565 (Motif 2) and PVQEQG604-609 (Motif 3), which potently mediate osteoclast formation in vitro. To validate the in vitro findings, we have generated knock-in (KI) mice harboring inactivating mutations in RANK Motifs 2 and 3. Homozygous KI (RANKKI/KI ) mice are born at the predicted Mendelian frequency and normal in tooth eruption. However, RANKKI/KI mice exhibit significantly more trabecular bone mass than age- and sex-matched heterozygous KI (RANK+/KI ) and wild-type (RANK+/+ ) counterparts. Bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) from RANKKI/KI mice do not form osteoclasts when they are stimulated with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and RANKL in vitro. RANKL is able to activate the NF-?B, ERK, p38, and JNK pathways in RANKKI/KI BMMs, but it cannot stimulate c-Fos or NFATc1 in the RANKKI/KI cells. Previously, we showed that RANK signaling plays an important role in Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg)-mediated osteoclast formation by committing BMMs into the osteoclast lineage. Here, we show that RANKL-primed RANKKI/KI BMMs are unable to differentiate into osteoclasts in response to Pg stimulation, indicating that the two RANK motifs are required for Pg-induced osteoclastogenesis. Mechanistically, RANK Motifs 2 and 3 facilitate Pg-induced osteoclastogenesis by stimulating c-Fos and NFATc1 expression during the RANKL pretreatment phase as well as rendering c-Fos and NFATc1 genes responsive to subsequent Pg stimulation. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) conjugated with RANK segments containing Motif 2 or 3 block RANKL- and Pg-mediated osteoclastogenesis. The CPP conjugates abrogate RANKL-stimulated c-Fos and NFATc1 expression but do not affect RANKL-induced activation of NF-?B, ERK, p38, JNK, or Akt signaling pathway. Taken together, our current findings demonstrate that RANK Motifs 2 and 3 play pivotal roles in osteoclast formation in vivo and mediate Pg-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro.

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Dataset Information

Persicariajucunda var. rotunda (Polygonaceae, Persicarieae), a distinct distylous taxa raised to specific rank.

Publications

<i>Persicariajucunda</i> var. <i>rotunda</i> (Polygonaceae, Persicarieae), a distinct distylous taxa raised to specific rank.

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