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Chemical profile and in vivo toxicity evaluation of unripe Citrus aurantifolia essential oil.

ABSTRACT: Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle (syn. C. MEDICA var. ACIDA Brandis) (family: Rutaceae) essential oil is one of the cheapest oils found in local markets. Although, it is generally accepted as non-toxic to vital organs and cells, majority of people are cynical about it usage. Herein, the present study reports the chemical composition and in vivo oral toxicity study of unripe C. aurantifolia essential oil found in Ghana. The toxicity of C. aurantifolia essential oil extract was investigated via oral administration using two methods: The acute toxicity single dose study (SDS) and the repeated dose method. The oil exhibited no acute toxicity but in the sub-chronic studies, the effects was dose and time-dependent. Chemical profile investigation of the oil showed 9 constituent of phytochemicals (Germacrene isomers (61.2%), Pineen (14%), Linalool dimmer (2.9%), Bornane (11%), Citral (2.9%), Anethole (1.5%), Anisole (1.1%), Safrole (0.3%) and Demitol (0.6%)). Histopathological studies revealed conditions such as necrosis, edema and inflammatory reaction in the liver, spleen and kidneys. Marginal upsurge of biochemical parameters above normal and elevated levels of lymphocytes (35.20-46.40?g/dL) demonstrated mild toxicity among the 100?mg/kg and 500?mg/kg dose groups at the sub-chronic stage. Low levels of hemoglobin (13.60 to 12.70?g/dL), MCV (34.20-24.0?fL), MCH (40.20-36.40?g/dL) along with high levels of liver enzymes confirmed the mild toxicity of the oil at sub-chronic stage. These results demonstrate that, despite consideration of lime essential oil as safe, it can have mild hematotoxic, nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic effects.

SUBMITTER: Adokoh CK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6657022 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Chemical profile and in vivo toxicity evaluation of unripe Citrus aurantifolia essential oil.

Adokoh Christian K CK Asante Du-Bois DB Acheampong Desmond O DO Kotsuchibashi Yohei Y Armah Francis A FA Sirikyi Ignatius H IH Kimura Keisuke K Gmakame Edward E Abdul-Rauf Sey S

Toxicology reports 20190712

Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle (syn. C. MEDICA var. ACIDA Brandis) (family: Rutaceae) essential oil is one of the cheapest oils found in local markets. Although, it is generally accepted as non-toxic to vital organs and cells, majority of people are cynical about it usage. Herein, the present study reports the chemical composition and in vivo oral toxicity study of unripe C. aurantifolia essential oil found in Ghana. The toxicity of C. aurantifolia essential o ...[more]

PMID: 31372347

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Project description:BackgroundBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common urological disorder reported among ageing men.ObjectiveThe study assessed histoprotective effect of lime essential oil (LEO) in a rat model of testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and evaluated its ability to reverse testosterone-mediated changes in the testis, kidney, and liver.Materials and methodsAdult Sprague Dawley (aged 12 weeks, 240-390 g) male rats were intramuscularly injected with testosterone enanthate (TE) (10 mg/kg) reconstituted in olive oil for ten days to establish benign prostatic hyperplasia (serum PSA level ≥ 1.24 ng/ml) in. After confirmation of BPH (sustained serum PSA level ≥ 1.24 ng/ml), rats in all groups (LEO: 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg, po, n = 6; finasteride: 15 mg/kg, po, n = 6) except model (BPH without treatment) and sham (no BPH and no treatment) groups were treated for 21 days. At the end of treatment, rats were anesthetised and blood was collected via cardiac puncture to determine serum PSA and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels. The prostate gland, testis, kidney, and liver were harvested, weighed, histologically processed and stained with H&E.ResultsLEO- and finasteride-treated groups recorded lesser mean prostatic weights relative to their model group. Baseline mean serum PSA level of LEO- and finasteride-treated groups reduced significantly (p < 0.05) relative to model group. Serum TAC levels were also higher in LEO- and finasteride-treated groups relative to model group. LEO-treated groups had less thickened glandular epithelium, smaller acini, fewer prostatic secretions and more fibromuscular stroma relative to model group. LEO and finasteride treatment produced improved histomorphological characteristics of testis, kidney, and liver compared to model group.ConclusionBy the current results, Citrus aurantifolia LEO may possess active agents that can be explored for translational medicine against BPH.

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Chemical profile and in vivo toxicity evaluation of unripe Citrus aurantifolia essential oil.

Publications

Chemical profile and <i>in vivo</i> toxicity evaluation of unripe <i>Citrus aurantifolia</i> essential oil.

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