Dataset Information

Stable isotope compositions of precipitation from Gunnison, Colorado 2007-2016: implications for the climatology of a high-elevation valley.

ABSTRACT: Stable isotope ratios of precipitation are useful tracers of climatic and hydrological processes. To better understand the isotope hydro-climatology of a high-elevation Rocky Mountain valley we collected meteoric water samples from Gunnison, Colorado, USA and determined stable isotope values for 239 individual precipitation events over a nine year period. Annual precipitation in Gunnison is moderately bi-modal with significant winter snowfall and convective summer thunderstorms associated with the North American Monsoon. Stable isotope values of precipitation span a large range, with summer rains as high as ?²H = +19‰ and ?¹⁸O = +4.8‰ (relative to V-SMOW) and winter snowfall as low as ?²H = -286‰ and ?¹⁸O = -36.7‰. These data define a local meteoric water line for Gunnison of ?²H = 7.2 ?¹⁸O - 4.2. Monthly meteoric water lines have slopes similar to the Global Meteoric Water Line (?8) for winter months and more evaporated slopes (?6) during the summer. Monthly mean temperature most strongly controls the monthly isotopic composition of precipitation (m = 0.61-0.64 ‰/°C); the slope of the isotope/temperature relationship is steeper in summer than winter.

SUBMITTER: Marchetti DW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6658734 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Stable isotope compositions of precipitation from Gunnison, Colorado 2007-2016: implications for the climatology of a high-elevation valley.

Marchetti David W DW Marchetti Suzanne B SB

Heliyon 20190722 7

Stable isotope ratios of precipitation are useful tracers of climatic and hydrological processes. To better understand the isotope hydro-climatology of a high-elevation Rocky Mountain valley we collected meteoric water samples from Gunnison, Colorado, USA and determined stable isotope values for 239 individual precipitation events over a nine year period. Annual precipitation in Gunnison is moderately bi-modal with significant winter snowfall and convective summer thunderstorms associated with t ...[more]

PMID: 31372563

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Project description:Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) causes morbidity and mortality in humans and domestic ungulates in sub-Saharan Africa, Egypt, and the Arabian Peninsula. Mosquito vectors transmit RVFV between vertebrates by bite, and also vertically to produce infectious progeny. Arrival of RVFV into the United States by infected mosquitoes or humans could result in significant impacts on food security, human health, and wildlife health. Elucidation of the vectors involved in the post-introduction RVFV ecology is paramount to rapid implementation of vector control. We performed vector competence experiments in which field-collected mosquitoes were orally exposed to an epidemic strain of RVFV via infectious blood meals. We targeted floodwater Aedes species known to feed on cattle, and/or deer species (Aedes melanimon Dyar, Aedes increpitus Dyar, Aedes vexans [Meigen]). Two permanent-water-breeding species were targeted as well: Culiseta inornata (Williston) of unknown competence considering United States populations, and Culex tarsalis Coquillett as a control species for which transmission efficiency is known. We tested the potential for midgut infection, midgut escape (dissemination), ovarian infection (vertical transmission), and transmission by bite (infectious saliva). Tissues were assayed by plaque assay and RT-qPCR, to quantify infectious virus and confirm virus identity. Tissue infection data were analyzed using a within-host model under a Bayesian framework to determine the probabilities of infection outcomes (midgut-limited infection, disseminated infection, etc.) while estimating barriers to infection between tissues. Permanent-water-breeding mosquitoes (Cx. tarsalis and Cs. inornata) exhibited more efficient horizontal transmission, as well as potential for vertical transmission, which is contrary to the current assumptions of RVFV ecology. Barrier estimates trended higher for Aedes spp., suggesting systemic factors in the differences between these species and Cx. tarsalis and Cs. inornata. These data indicate higher potential for vertical transmission than previously appreciated, and support the consensus of RVFV transmission including a broad range of potential vectors.

Dataset Information

Stable isotope compositions of precipitation from Gunnison, Colorado 2007-2016: implications for the climatology of a high-elevation valley.

Publications

Stable isotope compositions of precipitation from Gunnison, Colorado 2007-2016: implications for the climatology of a high-elevation valley.

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