Dataset Information

Prevalence and determinants of hyperglycaemia among adults in Bangladesh: results from a population-based national survey.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

With the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases in low-income and middle-income countries, biological risk factors, such as hyperglycaemia, are a major public health concern in Bangladesh. Hyperglycaemia is an excess of glucose in the bloodstream and is often associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nationally representative data of hyperglycaemia prevalence starting from age ?18 years are currently unavailable for Bangladeshi adults. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and determinants of hyperglycaemia among adults in Bangladesh aged ?18 years.

Study design

Cross-sectional, population-based study.

Setting and participants

Data for this analysis were collected in November to December 2015, from a population-based nationally representative sample of 1843 adults, aged ?18 years, from both urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. Demographic information, capillary blood glucose, blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference and treatment history were recorded.

Primary outcome measures

Hyperglycaemia was defined as a random capillary blood glucose level of ?11.1?mmol/L (ie, in the diabetic range) or currently taking medication to control type 2 diabetes, based on self-report.

Results

Overall, the prevalence of hyperglycaemia was 5.5% (95% CI 4.5% to 6.6%) and was significantly higher among urban (9.8%, 95%?CI 7.7% to 12.2%) than rural residents (2.8%, 95%?CI 1.9% to 3.9%). The age-standardised prevalence of hyperglycaemia was 5.6% (95% CI 4.6% to 6.8%). Among both urban and rural residents, the associated determinants of hyperglycaemia included hypertension and abdominal obesity. About 5% of the total population self-reported have been previously diagnosed with type 2 diabetes; among these adults, over 25% were not taking medications to control their diabetes.

Conclusions

Our study found that about 1 in 20 Bangladeshi adults aged ?18 years have hyperglycaemia. To control and prevent the development of type 2 diabetes, data from this study can be used to inform public health programming and provide descriptive information on surveillance of progress towards controlling diabetes in Bangladesh.

SUBMITTER: Islam JY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6661587 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Prevalence and determinants of hyperglycaemia among adults in Bangladesh: results from a population-based national survey.

Islam Jessica Yasmine JY Zaman Mohammad Mostafa MM Bhuiyan Mahfuz Rahman MR Haq Syed Atiqul SA Ahmed Shamim S Al-Qadir Ahmad Zahid AZ

BMJ open 20190724 7

<h4>Objectives</h4>With the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases in low-income and middle-income countries, biological risk factors, such as hyperglycaemia, are a major public health concern in Bangladesh. Hyperglycaemia is an excess of glucose in the bloodstream and is often associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nationally representative data of hyperglycaemia prevalence starting from age ≥18 years are currently unavailable for Bangladeshi adults. The objective of this study was t ...[more]

PMID: 31345979

Similar Datasets

Project description:ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of blindness and its determinants in Bangladeshi adult population.Study designA cross-sectional population-based survey conducted at household level with national representation. Samples were drawn from the 2011 national census frame using a multistage stratified cluster sampling method.Setting and participantsThe survey was done in urban and rural areas in 2013 using a probability proportionate to size sampling approach to locate participants from 72 primary sampling units. One man or one woman aged ≥40 years was randomly selected from their households to recruit 7200. In addition to sociodemographic data, information on medication for hypertension and diabetes was obtained. Blood pressure and capillary blood glucose were measured. Eyelids, cornea, lens, and retina were examined in addition to visual acuity and refraction testing.Primary outcome measuresThe following definition was used to categorise subjects having (1) blindness: visual acuity <3/60, (2) low vision: ≥3/60 to <6/60 and (3) normal vision: ≥6/12 after best correction.ResultsWe could recruit 6391 (88.8%) people among whom 2955 (46.2%) were men. Among them, 1922 (30.1%) were from urban and 4469 (69.9%) were from rural areas. The mean age was 54.3 (SD 11.2) years. The age-standardised prevalence, after best correction, of blindness and low vision was 1.0% (95% CI 0.5% to 1.4%) and 12.1% (95% CI 10.5% to 13.8%), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that cataract, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy were significantly associated with low vision and blindness after adjustment for age and sex. Population attributable risk of cataract for low vision and blindness was 79.6%.ConclusionsLow vision and blindness are common problems in those aged 40 years or older. Extensive screening and eye care services are necessary for wider coverage engaging all tiers of the healthcare system especially focusing on cataract.

Project description:BackgroundLibya is one of the largest countries in Africa and has the longest coast in the Mediterranean basin facing southern Europe. High rates of prevalence of viral hepatitis have been observed in various regions in Africa, but the prevalence in Libya is not well documented. We report on a large-scale nationwide study that evaluated the epidemiology of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in Libya and assessed the risk factors involved.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in 2008 on 65,761 individuals all over Libya. The country was divided into 12 regions according to the population density and sampling within each region was carried out under the supervision of the National Centre for Prevention of Infectious Diseases. Serum samples were collected from both males and females of all ages in both urban and rural areas and tested for HBsAg for hepatitis B and anti-HCV antibody for hepatitis C. Prevalence rates were determined in regions and in different groups and correlated with different demographic and risk factors involved in the spread of these viruses.ResultsThe prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses varied regionally across the country. The overall prevalence of hepatitis B was 2.2% (95% CI 2.1%-2.3%) and was higher among males than females (1.4:1.0). Hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence was 1.2% (95% CI 1.1-1.3) and it increased gradually after the age of 30 years (0.7-0.9% for < 30 years; 3.6% for ≥ 60 years). Prevalence of HBsAg was 0.8-0.9% below the age of 10 years, and higher but similar in older age groups (2.3-2.7%). There was an association between literacy and prevalence of hepatitis, particularly for HCV. Hospital admission, surgical operation, blood transfusion, and intravenous drug use were the main risk factors, and they were associated independently with a higher prevalence rate of viral hepatitis.ConclusionsLibya may be considered an area of low-intermediate endemicity for hepatitis B virus infection, with lower rates in young age groups, and an area of low endemicity for hepatitis C. The prevalence of hepatitis B and C across Libya is not homogeneous, with indications of the effect of the higher rates in some neighbouring countries. Libya should adopt full coverage national plans and guidelines to face the future consequences of viral hepatitis, particularly hepatitis C virus.

Project description:BACKGROUND:In South Africa, persistence of the HIV epidemic and associated gender and racial disparities is a major concern after more than 20?years of democratic dispensation and efforts to create a more healthy and equal society. This paper profiles HIV prevalence and related factors among Black African men and women compared to other race groups in South Africa using the 2012 population-based national household HIV survey. METHODS:This secondary data analysis was based on the 2012 population-based nationally representative multi-stage stratified cluster random household sample. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to assess the relationship between HIV prevalence and associated factors by gender and racial profile. RESULTS:Overall HIV prevalence was significantly higher (p?<?0.001) among both Black African males (16.6%; 95% CI: 15.0-18.4) and females (24.1%; 95% CI: 22.4-26.0) compared to their counterparts from other races. Among Black African males, increased risk of HIV was significantly associated with age group 25-49?years and those 50?years and older compared with young males 15-25?years. Among all males, reported condom use at last sex was significantly associated with increased risk of HIV. High socio-economic status (SES) and perceived risk of HIV were associated with a decreased risk of HIV. Among female condom use at last sex and ever testing for HIV was associated with increased prevalence of HIV only among Black African females. Lower prevalence of HIV was associated with marriage, tertiary education, high SES, having a partner five years younger, perceived risk of HIV, and awareness of HIV status among Black African females. CONCLUSION:Gender and racial disparities rooted in structural and contextual inequalities remain important factors for the maintenance of the generalized HIV epidemic in the country. HIV prevention interventions need to cut across all strata of society but also target risk factors salient for specific groups. Alleviating vulnerability to HIV along gender and racial lines should also be viewed as part of a broader public health strategy.

Project description:BackgroundHypertension is a major public health concern in low-and middle-income countries. A nationwide Health, Population, and Nutrition Sector Development Program in Bangladesh has been shown to be effective in resource-poor settings. This article aims to investigate whether the prevalence and determinants of adult hypertension changed from 2011 to 2018.MethodsThe determinants of adult hypertension were assessed in 2011 and 2018 data of Bangladesh Demographic and Health surveys. These two surveys included both men and women over the age of 34 years and measured their blood pressure, weight, height, and other covariates. For both surveys, we estimated the age-standard prevalence of hypertension and relative, attributable and mediated risk of determinants of hypertension using hierarchical mixed-effects sequential Poisson regression models.ResultsThe prevalence of adult hypertension increased by 10.9% from 29.5% in 2011 to 40.4% in 2018. The nationwide awareness program on the Health, Population and Nutrition Sector changed the risks associated with hypertension determinants over the years. During 2011, Socio-economic status (SES) was a major distal determinant of adult hypertension, explaining 21% of population-attributable risk (ART). However, other factors accounted for 90% of risk, mainly by excessive body weight (51%) and awareness of hypertension (39%). In contrast, SES only explained 16% of ART risk, with 97% of the risk mediated by excessive body weight (55%) and awareness of hypertension (41%).ConclusionThe study results highlight that hypertension among older adult was significantly increased over the six-year period. Specially, the socio-economic status, awareness of hypertension and excessive body weight were the significant determinants. Being awareness of hypertension and excessive body weight changed the causal pathways of socio-economic status. The results also highlight the value of studying the effect of non-communicable disease awareness programs to enhance our comprehension of factors influencing health.

Dataset Information

Prevalence and determinants of hyperglycaemia among adults in Bangladesh: results from a population-based national survey.

Objectives

Study design

Setting and participants

Primary outcome measures

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Prevalence and determinants of hyperglycaemia among adults in Bangladesh: results from a population-based national survey.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets