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In silico design and synthesis of hesperitin derivatives as new xanthine oxidase inhibitors.

ABSTRACT: Background:Hesperitin, a naturally occurring flavonoid was hybridized with phenolic acids to evaluate its potential to inhibit the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO), a key enzyme which catalyses xanthine to uric acid which is found to be associated with gout and many life style related disorders. Objective:To develop new xanthine oxidase inhibitors from natural constituents along with antioxidant potential. Method:In this report, we designed and synthesized hesperitin derivatives hybridized with natural phenolic acids to form ester linkage with the help of molecular docking. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory potential. Results:The in vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and enzyme kinetics studies showed that hesperitin derivatives displayed a potential inhibition against XO in competitive manner with IC50 value ranging from 9.0 to 23.15 µM and HET4 was revealed as most active derivative. Molecular simulation revealed that new hesperitin derivatives interacted with the amino acid residues SER1080, PHE798, GLN1194, ARG912, THR1083, ALA1078 and MET1038 located within the active cavity of XO. Results of antioxidant activity revealed that all the derivatives showed very good antioxidant potential. Conclusion:Taking advantage of molecular docking, this hybridization of two natural constituent could lead to desirable xanthine oxidase inhibitors with improved activity.

SUBMITTER: Malik N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6661729 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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In silico design and synthesis of hesperitin derivatives as new xanthine oxidase inhibitors.

Malik Neelam N Dhiman Priyanka P Khatkar Anurag A

BMC chemistry 20190416 1

<h4>Background</h4>Hesperitin, a naturally occurring flavonoid was hybridized with phenolic acids to evaluate its potential to inhibit the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO), a key enzyme which catalyses xanthine to uric acid which is found to be associated with gout and many life style related disorders.<h4>Objective</h4>To develop new xanthine oxidase inhibitors from natural constituents along with antioxidant potential.<h4>Method</h4>In this report, we designed and synthesized hesperitin deriv ...[more]

PMID: 31384801

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Project description:BackgroundHypercholesterolemia has posed a serious threat of heart diseases and stroke worldwide. Xanthine oxidase (XO), the rate-limiting enzyme in uric acid biosynthesis, is regarded as the root of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that generate atherosclerosis and cholesterol crystals. ?-Hydroxy ?-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) is a rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. Although some commercially available enzyme inhibiting drugs have effectively reduced cholesterol levels, most of them have failed to meet potential drug candidates' requirements. Here, we have carried out an in-silico analysis of secondary metabolites that have already shown good inhibitory activity against XO and HMGR in a wet lab setup.MethodsOut of 118 secondary metabolites reviewed, sixteen molecules inhibiting XO and HMGR were selected based on the IC50 values reported in in vitro assays. Further, receptor-based virtual screening was carried out against secondary metabolites using GOLD Protein-Ligand Docking Software, combined with subsequent post-docking, to study the binding affinities of ligands to the enzymes. In-silico ADMET analysis was carried out to explore their pharmacokinetic properties, followed by toxicity prediction through ProTox-II.ResultsThe molecular docking of amentoflavone (GOLD score 70.54, ?G calc. = -?10.4 Kcal/mol) and ganomycin I (GOLD score 59.61, ?G calc. = -?6.8 Kcal/mol) displayed that the drug has effectively bound at the competitive site of XO and HMGR, respectively. Besides, 6-paradol and selgin could be potential drug candidates inhibiting XO. Likewise, n-octadecanyl-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl (6'???1?)-O-?-D-glucopyranoside could be potential drug candidates to maintain serum cholesterol. In-silico ADMET analysis has shown that these sixteen metabolites were optimal within the categorical range compared to commercially available XO and HMGR inhibitors, respectively. Toxicity analysis through ProTox-II revealed that 6-gingerol, ganoleucoin K, and ganoleucoin Z are toxic for human use.ConclusionThis computational analysis supports earlier experimental evidence towards the inhibition of XO and HMGR by natural products. Further study is necessary to explore the clinical efficacy of these secondary molecules, which might be alternatives for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.

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In silico design and synthesis of hesperitin derivatives as new xanthine oxidase inhibitors.

Publications

In silico design and synthesis of hesperitin derivatives as new xanthine oxidase inhibitors.

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