Dataset Information

Determination of the distribution of infectious viruses in aerosol particles using water-based condensational growth technology and a bacteriophage MS2 model.

ABSTRACT: Inhalation of aerosols containing pathogenic viruses can result in morbidity, in some cases leading to mortality. The objective of this study was to develop a model for assessing how infectious viruses might distribute in airborne particles using bacteriophage MS2 as a surrogate for human viruses. Particle deposition in the respiratory system is size-dependent, and small virus-containing particles can be inhaled deeply into the lower lungs, potentially leading to more severe respiratory disease manifestations. Laboratory-generated virus-containing particles were size-selected by a differential mobility analyzer and then collected by the newly introduced Super-Efficient Sampler for Influenza Virus. The number of infectious and total viruses per particle as a function of particle size varied with the spraying medium: it approximated a cubic exponential value scaling for deionized (DI) water, a quartic exponential value for artificial saliva (AS), and between quadratic and cubic exponential value for beef extract solution (BES). The survivability of MS2 did not change significantly with particle size for DI water and BES, while that for AS was maximum at 120 nm. Viruses could be homogeneously distributed or aggregated inside or on the surface of the particles, depending on the composition of the spraying medium.

SUBMITTER: Pan M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6663101 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Determination of the distribution of infectious viruses in aerosol particles using water-based condensational growth technology and a bacteriophage MS2 model.

Pan Maohua M Carol Leah L Lednicky John A JA Eiguren-Fernandez Arantzazu A Hering Susanne S Fan Z Hugh ZH Wu Chang-Yu CY

Aerosol science and technology : the journal of the American Association for Aerosol Research 20190319 5

Inhalation of aerosols containing pathogenic viruses can result in morbidity, in some cases leading to mortality. The objective of this study was to develop a model for assessing how infectious viruses might distribute in airborne particles using bacteriophage MS2 as a surrogate for human viruses. Particle deposition in the respiratory system is size-dependent, and small virus-containing particles can be inhaled deeply into the lower lungs, potentially leading to more severe respiratory disease ...[more]

PMID: 31359905

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Project description:Indirect exposure to waterborne viruses increases the risk of infection, especially among children with frequent hand-to-mouth contacts. Here, we quantified the transfer of one bacteriophage (MS2) and two enteric viruses (adenovirus and coxsackievirus) from liquid to skin. MS2, a commonly used enteric virus surrogate, was used to compare virus transfer rates in a volunteer trial to those obtained using human cadaver skin and synthetic skin. MS2 transfer to volunteer skin was similar to transfer to cadaver skin but significantly different from transfer to synthetic skin. The transfer of MS2, adenovirus, and coxsackievirus to cadaver skin was modeled using measurements for viruses attaching to the skin (adsorbed) and viruses in liquid residual on skin (unadsorbed). We find virus transfer per surface area is a function of the concentration of virus in the liquid and the film thickness of liquid retained on the skin and is estimable using a linear model. Notably, the amount of MS2 adsorbed on the skin was on average 5 times higher than the amount of adenovirus and 4 times higher than the amount of coxsackievirus. Quantification of pathogenic virus retention to skin would thus be overestimated using MS2 adsorption data. This study provides models of virus transfer useful for risk assessments of water-related activities, demonstrates significant differences in the transfer of pathogenic virus and MS2, and suggests cadaver skin as an alternative testing system for studying interactions between viruses and skin.IMPORTANCE Enteric viruses (viruses that infect the gastrointestinal tract) are responsible for most water-transmitted diseases. They are shed in high concentrations in the feces of infected individuals, persist for an extended period of time in water, and are highly infective. Exposure to contaminated water directly (through ingestion) or indirectly (for example, through hand-water contacts followed by hand-to-mouth contacts) increases the risk of virus transmission. The work described herein provides a quantitative model for estimating human-pathogenic virus retention on skin following contact with contaminated water. The work will be important in refining the contribution of indirect transmission of virus to risks associated with water-related activities.

Project description:We report a theoretical investigation of the electrohydrodynamic properties of spherical soft particles composed of permeable concentric layers that differ in thickness, soft material density, chemical composition, and flow penetration degree. Starting from a recent numerical scheme developed for the computation of the direct-current electrophoretic mobility (mu) of diffuse soft bioparticles, the dependence of mu on the electrolyte concentration and solution pH is evaluated taking the known three-layered structure of bacteriophage MS2 as a supporting model system (bulk RNA, RNA-protein bound layer, and coat protein). The electrokinetic results are discussed for various layer thicknesses, hydrodynamic flow penetration degrees, and chemical compositions, and are discussed on the basis of the equilibrium electrostatic potential and hydrodynamic flow field profiles that develop within and around the structured particle. This study allows for identifying the cases where the electrophoretic mobility is a function of the inner structural and chemical specificity of the particle and not only of its outer surface properties. Along these lines, we demonstrate the general inapplicability of the notions of zeta potential (zeta) and surface charge for quantitatively interpreting electrokinetic data collected for such systems. We further shed some light on the physical meaning of the isoelectric point. In particular, numerical and analytical simulations performed on structured soft layers in indifferent electrolytic solution demonstrate that the isoelectric point is a complex ionic strength-dependent signature of the flow permeation properties and of the chemical and structural details of the particle. Finally, the electrophoretic mobilities of the MS2 virus measured at various ionic strength levels and pH values are interpreted on the basis of the theoretical formalism aforementioned. It is shown that the electrokinetic features of MS2 are to a large extent determined not only by the external proteic capsid but also by the chemical composition and hydrodynamic flow permeation of/within the inner RNA-protein bound layer and bulk RNA part of the bacteriophage. The impact of virus aggregation, as revealed by decreasing diffusion coefficients for decreasing pH values, is also discussed.

Dataset Information

Determination of the distribution of infectious viruses in aerosol particles using water-based condensational growth technology and a bacteriophage MS2 model.

Publications

Determination of the distribution of infectious viruses in aerosol particles using water-based condensational growth technology and a bacteriophage MS2 model.

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