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Linggui Zhugan Formula Improves Glucose and Lipid Levels and Alters Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Induced Diabetic Mice.

ABSTRACT: Background: The gut microbiota plays important roles in the occurrence and development of obesity and diabetes through participating in nutrient absorption and metabolism. Microecological regulation is likely to be key to understanding the effects of Chinese medicine. The Linggui Zhugan (LGZG) formula is a well-known Chinese medicine for controlling obesity in the clinic. However, its pharmacological effects and mechanism of action in diabetes require further exploration. Objective: To evaluate the effects of LGZG on body weight, glycemic control, lipid levels, and gut microbiota in high-fat diet-induced diabetic mice. Methods: High-fat diet-induced diabetic mice were subjected to an 8-week protocol of LGZG administration. We then evaluated the pharmacological effects of LGZG and its influence on gut microbes in fecal samples using the 16S rRNA-based microbiome profiling technique. Results: LGZG administration significantly reduced body weight and body fat mass in diabetic mice. Compared with the high-fat diet control group, LGZG favorably influenced blood glucose control, decreased blood glucose levels, and increased glucose tolerance, accompanied by an improvement in lipid metabolism. Furthermore, the global community composition and relative abundance of many taxa differed between mice fed chow or a high-fat diet. As expected, LGZG supplementation altered the general community structure of gut microbiota, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and the relative abundance of certain bacteria, such as Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Oscillospira, and Helicobacter. Conclusion: LGZG effectively controlled obesity and relieved insulin resistance, which may be closely related to its impact on gut microbiota.

SUBMITTER: Wu R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6663968 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Linggui Zhugan Formula Improves Glucose and Lipid Levels and Alters Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Induced Diabetic Mice.

Wu Rui R Zhao Dandan D An Ran R Wang Zhufeng Z Li Yuxiu Y Shi Bai B Ni Qing Q

Frontiers in physiology 20190723

<b>Background:</b> The gut microbiota plays important roles in the occurrence and development of obesity and diabetes through participating in nutrient absorption and metabolism. Microecological regulation is likely to be key to understanding the effects of Chinese medicine. The Linggui Zhugan (LGZG) formula is a well-known Chinese medicine for controlling obesity in the clinic. However, its pharmacological effects and mechanism of action in diabetes require further exploration. <b>Objective:</b ...[more]

PMID: 31396097

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Project description:BackgroundC1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 1 (CTRP1) is an adipokine secreted by adipose tissue, related to chondrocyte proliferation, inflammation, and glucose homeostasis. However, the therapeutic effects on metabolic disorders and the underlying mechanism were unclear. Here, we investigated the functions and mechanisms of CTRP1 in treating obesity and diabetes.MethodsThe plasmid containing human CTRP1 was delivered to mice by hydrodynamic injection, which sustained expression of CTRP1 in the liver and high protein level in the blood. High-fat diet (HFD) fed mice and STZ-induced diabetes model were used to study the effects of CTRP1 on obesity, glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, and hepatic lipid accumulation. The lipid accumulation in liver and adipose tissue, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, food intake, and energy expenditure were detected by H&E staining, Oil-Red O staining, glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test, and metabolic cage, respectively. The metabolic-related genes and signal pathways were determined using qPCR and western blotting.ResultsWith high blood circulation, CTRP1 prevented obesity, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and fatty liver in HFD-fed mice. CTRP1 also improved glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in obese and STZ-induced diabetic mice. The metabolic cage study revealed that CTRP1 reduced food intake and enhanced energy expenditure. The mechanistic study demonstrated that CTRP1 upregulated the protein level of leptin in blood, thermogenic gene expression in brown adipose tissue, and the gene expression responsible for lipolysis and glycolysis in white adipose tissue (WAT). CTRP1 also downregulated the expression of inflammatory genes in WAT. Overexpression of CTRP1 activated AMPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways and inhibited ERK signaling pathway.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that CTRP1 could improve glucose homeostasis and prevent HFD-induced obesity and fatty liver through upregulating the energy expenditure and reducing food intake, suggesting CTRP1 may serve as a promising target for treating metabolic diseases.

Project description:BackgroundLeucine deprivation modulates the dietary amino acid composition, reducing the fat content and improving the glucose tolerance, thus protecting the organism against obesity. However, a complete deprivation of leucine can lead to an extremely rapid fat loss in mice, accompanied by prolonged adverse effects such as weakness and mental fatigue. Therefore, in this study we aimed to seek the optimal concentration of dietary leucine that can reduce fat mass and improve the metabolism without the onset of severe effects.MethodsTo investigate whether there is a better concentration of diet leucine restriction (LR), based on the diet we conducted (A10021B), that can reduce fat mass and improve metabolism status without taking many negative effects, we fed 8 weeks old male C57Bl/6J mice with increasing degrees of leucine restriction diet 0% LR (control group), 25% LR, 50% LR, and 75% LR groups (4-6 mice each group). Fat mass and blood glucose levels were measured. The expression levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism in white adipose tissue (WAT) and liver, and proteins in insulin signaling were assessed in WAT, liver and muscle.ResultsWe found that the 50% LR group is the most proper group here at the lowest leucine effective concentration, which reduced fat mass (p < 0.05) and improved glucose regulation in mice over a 90 days feeding. Further studies revealed that lipid synthesis pathway (Fas, Scd1and Srebp1, p < 0.05) was downregulated and lipolysis (Atgl, p < 0.05) was upregulated in WAT in 50% LR group, compared to that in control group. Furthermore, glucose regulation (glucose tolerance test, p < 0.05) was also improved, and insulin signaling (p < 0.05) in the muscle was enhanced in 50% LR group while in WAT and liver were not changed.ConclusionsCollectively, a 50% LR in mice reduced fat mass and improved glucose regulation, which may function through modulating lipid synthesis and lipolysis pathway in adipose tissue as well as enhancing insulin signaling in muscle. So far, we provide a further consideration for carrying out the diet of leucine restriction to reduce fat and improve metabolism status before clinical study.

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Dataset Information

Linggui Zhugan Formula Improves Glucose and Lipid Levels and Alters Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Induced Diabetic Mice.

Publications

Linggui Zhugan Formula Improves Glucose and Lipid Levels and Alters Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Induced Diabetic Mice.

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