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Metal-free mechanochemical oxidations in Ertalyte^® jars.

ABSTRACT: Aimed at eliminating or at least significantly reducing the use of solvents, sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate crystals (NaOCl·5H₂O) in the presence of a catalytic amount of a nitrosyl radical (TEMPO or AZADO) have been successfully used to induce mechanochemical oxidative processes on several structurally different primary and secondary alcohols. The proposed redox process is safe, inexpensive and performing effectively, especially on the macroscale. Herein, an Ertalyte^® jar has been successfully used, for the first time, in a mechanochemical process.

SUBMITTER: Porcheddu A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6664414 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Metal-free mechanochemical oxidations in Ertalyte® jars.

Porcheddu Andrea A Delogu Francesco F De Luca Lidia L Fattuoni Claudia C Colacino Evelina E

Beilstein journal of organic chemistry 20190725

Aimed at eliminating or at least significantly reducing the use of solvents, sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate crystals (NaOCl·5H2O) in the presence of a catalytic amount of a nitrosyl radical (TEMPO or AZADO) have been successfully used to induce mechanochemical oxidative processes on several structurally different primary and secondary alcohols. The proposed redox process is safe, inexpensive and performing effectively, especially on the macroscale. Herein, an Ertalyte® ja ...[more]

PMID: 31435450

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Project description:ObjectiveTo introduce a novel technology currently under final development before regulatory approvals for the furtherment of cataract surgery, using the FemtoMatrix® laser system, and to demonstrate its safety and efficacy as compared to standard ultrasound phacoemulsification.MethodsThirty-three patients with bilateral cataracts were operated on with one eye undergoing PhotoEmulsification® treatment on the FemtoMatrix® device and the contralateral eye receiving the control procedure, i.e., standard ultrasound phacoemulsification treatment. The number of "zero-phaco" procedures (denoting that I/A alone was sufficient to aspirate the lens fragments and that no ultrasound energy was needed) was recorded and Effective Phaco Time (EPT) values were compared. The patient follow-up was 3 months.ResultsThirty-three eyes from a population with a mean cataract grade of 2.6 were treated on the FemtoMatrix®, of which 29 were "zero-phaco" (88%). All patients were operated on by a single surgeon who was a relative novice to the technology (63 patients treated prior to this study). Conversely, of the 33 fellow eyes who underwent standard ultrasound phacoemulsification, none were zero-phaco (0%) - all required varying degrees of ultrasound energy to make lens aspiration possible. The mean EPT was significantly lower in the PhotoEmulsification® laser group (0.2 ± 0.8 s) than in the phaco group (1.3 ± 1.2 s) (p < 0.0001). The safety profiles of the two procedures were comparable, with no device-related adverse events noted.ConclusionFemtoMatrix® is a promising femtosecond laser platform that, when compared to phacoemulsification, significantly decreases or eliminates EPT altogether. The system is used to perform PhotoEmulsification®, making zero-phaco cataract procedures feasible including in high-grade cataracts (>3). It enables personalized treatment by automatically measuring and adapting the laser energy required to obtain the most efficient cutting of the crystalline lens. This new technology appears to be safe and effective in cataract surgery.

Project description:IntroductionThe CIMZIA® AutoClicks® pre-filled pen (CZP PFP) was developed to overcome barriers to self-injection, by improving self-injection confidence, reducing fear associated with needle use, and supporting patients with impaired dexterity. The purpose of this research was to gather feedback on injection experience and the usefulness of training materials.MethodsEligible patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) or psoriatic arthritis (PsA) were at least 18 years of age and initiated onto the CZP PFP. Routine self-injection training and support were provided by trained specialist nurses. Patient experience (pain and skin reactions, confidence, satisfaction, and ease of use) was evaluated at visits 1-3 using an amended version of the self-injection assessment questionnaire (SIAQ) v2.0. Nurse and patient feedback on the training materials, and nurse opinions on patient self-injection after self-injection at visit 1, were also collected.ResultsOf 355 patients invited to participate, 196 provided informed consent and 79 participated in all three visits. Patients generally found the CZP PFP easy to use, and self-confidence and satisfaction were high. From visit 1 to visit 3, there was a numerical trend towards improvement in all three aspects of patient experience, most notably in both confidence and satisfaction. After self-injection at visit 1, confidence around safe patient self-injection was higher among nurses than among patients. Meanwhile, "pain and skin reactions" remained low at all visits. Patients thought the training materials contained sufficient information and were easy to understand and useful.ConclusionAfter training, patients generally found the device easy to use and showed high confidence and satisfaction with self-injection. Some patients may have been competent (based on nurse opinion), but initially lacked self-confidence. Increasing self-injection experience, together with patient training and continued support, may have facilitated high patient confidence and satisfaction, thereby potentially overcoming some of the barriers to self-injection.

Dataset Information

Metal-free mechanochemical oxidations in Ertalyte^® jars.

Publications

Metal-free mechanochemical oxidations in Ertalyte<sup>®</sup> jars.

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