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Prevalence of Giardia intestinalis with other co-infecting parasites in Barak Valley, Assam, India: a molecular approach.

ABSTRACT: Giardia intestinalis was included in the World Health Organization's Neglected Disease Initiative in 2004 as it may range from asymptomatic to chronic or severe diarrhoea and chronic disorders post-infection. The present study aimed to find out the rate of sole infection of G. intestinalis and co-infection of this with other protozoan parasites among the inhabitants of Barak Valley region of Southern Assam by conventional and molecular detection. A total of 1168 samples were collected from different groups of individuals, all the collected samples were subjected to microscopy after specific staining by Lugol's iodine solution, Trichrome staining and modified ZN staining procedures. Microscopically positive samples were further confirmed by PCR using specific primer sets. Of the total no. of samples, 267 (22.85%) were positive by PCR for G. intestinalis with a little higher rate of infection in female (24.06%) (OR?=?1.2192, CI?=?0.9262 to 1.6049) than male (21.27%). The rate of infection is comparatively higher (25.93%) in the age group of 0-5 years (OR?=?1.9149, CI?=?1.2558 to 2.9200). In 196 samples G. intestinalis co-existence was observed and detected by PCR with some other protozoan parasites like Entamoeba spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Blastocystis spp. The rate of infection was higher (31.96%) among the participants who collected water from river. Least of the participants showed diarrhoeal symptoms (18.18%) but majority (28.45%) complained for having abdominal cramps (OR?=?1.3402, CI?=?0.8815 to 1.7855). Among the human infective assemblages, assemblage specific molecular detection revealed the rate of infection of assemblage B was comparatively higher (60.30%) than assemblage A.

SUBMITTER: Roy M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6667524 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Prevalence of Giardia intestinalis with other co-infecting parasites in Barak Valley, Assam, India: a molecular approach.

Roy Madhumita M Singha Baby B Dhar Debadatta D Roychoudhury Shubhadeep S

Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology 20190409 3

Giardia intestinalis was included in the World Health Organization's Neglected Disease Initiative in 2004 as it may range from asymptomatic to chronic or severe diarrhoea and chronic disorders post-infection. The present study aimed to find out the rate of sole infection of G. intestinalis and co-infection of this with other protozoan parasites among the inhabitants of Barak Valley region of Southern Assam by conventional and molecular detection. A total of 1168 samples were collec ...[more]

PMID: 31406408

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Project description:Mitochondrial processing peptidases are heterodimeric enzymes (alpha/betaMPP) that play an essential role in mitochondrial biogenesis by recognizing and cleaving the targeting presequences of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins. The two subunits are paralogues that probably evolved by duplication of a gene for a monomeric metallopeptidase from the endosymbiotic ancestor of mitochondria. Here, we characterize the MPP-like proteins from two important human parasites that contain highly reduced versions of mitochondria, the mitosomes of Giardia intestinalis and the hydrogenosomes of Trichomonas vaginalis. Our biochemical characterization of recombinant proteins showed that, contrary to a recent report, the Trichomonas processing peptidase functions efficiently as an alpha/beta heterodimer. By contrast, and so far uniquely among eukaryotes, the Giardia processing peptidase functions as a monomer comprising a single betaMPP-like catalytic subunit. The structure and surface charge distribution of the Giardia processing peptidase predicted from a 3-D protein model appear to have co-evolved with the properties of Giardia mitosomal targeting sequences, which, unlike classic mitochondrial targeting signals, are typically short and impoverished in positively charged residues. The majority of hydrogenosomal presequences resemble those of mitosomes, but longer, positively charged mitochondrial-type presequences were also identified, consistent with the retention of the Trichomonas alphaMPP-like subunit. Our computational and experimental/functional analyses reveal that the divergent processing peptidases of Giardia mitosomes and Trichomonas hydrogenosomes evolved from the same ancestral heterodimeric alpha/betaMPP metallopeptidase as did the classic mitochondrial enzyme. The unique monomeric structure of the Giardia enzyme, and the co-evolving properties of the Giardia enzyme and substrate, provide a compelling example of the power of reductive evolution to shape parasite biology.

Dataset Information

Prevalence of Giardia intestinalis with other co-infecting parasites in Barak Valley, Assam, India: a molecular approach.

Publications

Prevalence of <i>Giardia intestinalis</i> with other co-infecting parasites in Barak Valley, Assam, India: a molecular approach.

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