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Talaromyces variabilis interferes with Pythium aphanidermatum growth and suppresses Pythium-induced damping-off of cucumbers and tomatoes.

ABSTRACT: Pythium-induced damping-off disease is a major disease limiting cucumber and tomato production in different parts of the world. The current study investigated the efficiency of Talaromyces variabilis and its bioactive metabolites in suppressing Pythium-induced damping-off of cucumbers and tomatoes. T. variabilis inhibited the in vitro growth of P. aphanidermatum in solid and liquid media. In addition, abnormalities in P. aphanidermatum hyphae were observed as a result of T. variabilis. Extracts from T. variabilis induced cellular leakage and suppressed oospore production of P. aphanidermatum. Biochemical analyses of T. variabilis metabolites showed that T. variabilis produces glucanase, cellulase and siderophores, suggesting the contribution of these metabolites in the inhibition of P. aphandermatum growth and in hyphal abnormalities. Treating cucumber seeds with spore and mycelial suspension of T. variabilis isolates led to a significant improvement in the seedling survival of P. aphanidermatum-inoculated seedlings from 18 to 52% (improvement by 34%) for isolate 48?P and from 30-66% (improvement by 36%) for isolate 28?R. Similarly, treating tomato seeds with spore and mycelial suspension of T. variabilis isolates led to a significant improvement in the seedling survival of P. aphanidermatum-inoculated seedlings from 7 to 36% (improvement by 29%) for isolate 28?R and from 20 to 64% (improvement by 44%) for isolate 48?P. Differences in the percent improvement in seedling survival between experiments may be related to difference in the efficacy of the two different isolates or their interaction with the hosts and pathogen. The use of T. variabilis in the biocontrol of Pythium-induced diseases may offer alternatives to the currently used chemical control.

SUBMITTER: Halo BA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6677756 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Talaromyces variabilis interferes with Pythium aphanidermatum growth and suppresses Pythium-induced damping-off of cucumbers and tomatoes.

Halo Boshra A BA Al-Yahyai Rashid A RA Maharachchikumbura Sajeewa S N SSN Al-Sadi Abdullah M AM

Scientific reports 20190802 1

Pythium-induced damping-off disease is a major disease limiting cucumber and tomato production in different parts of the world. The current study investigated the efficiency of Talaromyces variabilis and its bioactive metabolites in suppressing Pythium-induced damping-off of cucumbers and tomatoes. T. variabilis inhibited the in vitro growth of P. aphanidermatum in solid and liquid media. In addition, abnormalities in P. aphanidermatum hyphae were observed as a result of T. variabilis. Extracts ...[more]

PMID: 31375723

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Project description:BackgroundVolatilomes from natural plants and microbes imparts diverse antifungal properties to suppress the growth of plant pathogens and therefore can be a suitable alternative of chemical fungicides. The present experiment was to study effect of volatiles produced by natural plants and microbes on the fungal growth of Pythium aphanidermatum, which is a tomato seedling pathogen.ResultsIsolate of P. aphanidermatum, causing damping off in tomato were isolated and incubated at 25 ± 2 °C. The isolate was tested for the anti-oomycetes activities of volatiles in vitro. The volatiles produced by the leaves of Mentha spicata and Cymbopogon citratus showed the maximum inhibitory effect of 45.56 and 24.70 percent, respectively on the mycelial growth of P. aphanidermatum, whereas, the pathogen was not inhibited on exposure to the volatiles of macro-basidiomycetes fungi. The volatiles of T. asperellum showed the maximum inhibitory effect of 69.26 percent against P. aphanidermatum. The study also included the identification of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) involved in the suppression of pathogens by Headspace Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HS GCMS). The results revealed the production of carvone by the leaves of M. spicata; citronellol and geraniol by C. citratus; isopentyl alcohol and limonene by T. asperellum with increased peak area percentage and these compounds possessed antifungal properties. The vaporous action of isopentyl alcohol completely suppressed the mycelial growth of P. aphanidermatum, which is highly correlated to the T. asperellum extract on pathogenic growth. While the compounds, carvone, and citronellol showed the maximum inhibitory effect of 89.02 and 85.49 percent, respectively when used at 500 ppm and also altered the sporulation behavior of P. aphanidermatum.ConclusionResults showed that volatiles of M. spicata and T. asperellum have anti-oomycetes action on pathogenic growth leading to a distortion of sporulation of P. aphanidermatum. High antifungal properties make VOCs suitable for incorporation as a new integrated plant disease management programs.

Project description:In this study, endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria were isolated from Moringa olifera and M. perigreina from Oman, and their in vitro antagonistic activity against Pythium aphanidermatum was tested using a dual culture assay. The promising strains were tested further for their compatibility and potential for plant growth promotion, biofilm formation, antifungal volatile organic compound (VOC) production, and the biological control of P. aphanidermatum damping-off of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) under greenhouse conditions. A total of 12 endophytic and 27 rhizospheric bacteria were isolated from Moringa spp. Among them, Bacillus pumilus MPE1 showed the maximum antagonistic activity against P. aphanidermatum in the dual culture assay, followed by Paenibacillus glucanolyticus MPE3 and Pseudomonas indica MOR3 and MOR8. These bacterial isolates induced abundant morphological abnormalities in the hyphae of P. aphanidermatum, as observed via scanning electron microscopy. The in vitro cross-streak assay showed that these bacterial isolates were compatible among themselves, except for P. indica MOR8 × P. glucanolyticus MPE3. These antagonists released VOCs that restricted the growth of P. aphanidermatum in an in vitro assay. These antagonistic bacteria released 2,4-dimethylheptane and 4-methyloctane as the predominant volatile compounds. Of the four antagonistic bacterial strains, P. indica MOR8 was capable of forming biofilm, which is considered a trait that improves the efficacy of rhizosphere inoculants. The results of the greenhouse experiments showed that the soil treatment with B. pumilus MPE1 showed the highest reduction (59%) in the incidence of P. aphanidermatum damping-off in cabbage, evidencing its potential as a biological control agent for the management of this disease. Further research is needed to characterize the antifungal traits and activities of B. pumilus MPE1 and to assert its potential use against other soil-borne plant pathogens.

Dataset Information

Talaromyces variabilis interferes with Pythium aphanidermatum growth and suppresses Pythium-induced damping-off of cucumbers and tomatoes.

Publications

Talaromyces variabilis interferes with Pythium aphanidermatum growth and suppresses Pythium-induced damping-off of cucumbers and tomatoes.

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