Dataset Information

X-ray Micro-Computed Tomography for Nondestructive Three-Dimensional (3D) X-ray Histology.

ABSTRACT: Historically, micro-computed tomography (?CT) has been considered unsuitable for histologic analysis of unstained formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded soft tissue biopsy specimens because of a lack of image contrast between the tissue and the paraffin. However, we recently demonstrated that ?CT can successfully resolve microstructural detail in routinely prepared tissue specimens. Herein, we illustrate how ?CT imaging of standard formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens can be seamlessly integrated into conventional histology workflows, enabling nondestructive three-dimensional (3D) X-ray histology, the use and benefits of which we showcase for the exemplar of human lung biopsy specimens. This technology advancement was achieved through manufacturing a first-of-kind ?CT scanner for X-ray histology and developing optimized imaging protocols, which do not require any additional sample preparation. 3D X-ray histology allows for nondestructive 3D imaging of tissue microstructure, resolving structural connectivity and heterogeneity of complex tissue networks, such as the vascular network or the respiratory tract. We also demonstrate that 3D X-ray histology can yield consistent and reproducible image quality, enabling quantitative assessment of a tissue's 3D microstructures, which is inaccessible to conventional two-dimensional histology. Being nondestructive, the technique does not interfere with histology workflows, permitting subsequent tissue characterization by means of conventional light microscopy-based histology, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. 3D X-ray histology can be readily applied to a plethora of archival materials, yielding unprecedented opportunities in diagnosis and research of disease.

SUBMITTER: Katsamenis OL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6680277 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

X-ray Micro-Computed Tomography for Nondestructive Three-Dimensional (3D) X-ray Histology.

Katsamenis Orestis L OL Olding Michael M Warner Jane A JA Chatelet David S DS Jones Mark G MG Sgalla Giacomo G Smit Bennie B Larkin Oliver J OJ Haig Ian I Richeldi Luca L Sinclair Ian I Lackie Peter M PM Schneider Philipp P

The American journal of pathology 20190522 8

Historically, micro-computed tomography (μCT) has been considered unsuitable for histologic analysis of unstained formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded soft tissue biopsy specimens because of a lack of image contrast between the tissue and the paraffin. However, we recently demonstrated that μCT can successfully resolve microstructural detail in routinely prepared tissue specimens. Herein, we illustrate how μCT imaging of standard formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens can be seamlessly ...[more]

PMID: 31125553

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Project description:BackgroundMicro computed tomography (micro CT) has been shown to provide exceptionally high quality imaging of the fine structural detail within urinary calculi. We tested the idea that micro CT might also be used to identify the mineral composition of urinary stones non-destructively.MethodsMicro CT x-ray attenuation values were measured for mineral that was positively identified by infrared microspectroscopy (FT-IR). To do this, human urinary stones were sectioned with a diamond wire saw. The cut surface was explored by FT-IR and regions of pure mineral were evaluated by micro CT to correlate x-ray attenuation values with mineral content. Additionally, intact stones were imaged with micro CT to visualize internal morphology and map the distribution of specific mineral components in 3-D.ResultsMicro CT images taken just beneath the cut surface of urinary stones showed excellent resolution of structural detail that could be correlated with structure visible in the optical image mode of FT-IR. Regions of pure mineral were not difficult to find by FT-IR for most stones and such regions could be localized on micro CT images of the cut surface. This was not true, however, for two brushite stones tested; in these, brushite was closely intermixed with calcium oxalate. Micro CT x-ray attenuation values were collected for six minerals that could be found in regions that appeared to be pure, including uric acid (3515 - 4995 micro CT attenuation units, AU), struvite (7242 - 7969 AU), cystine (8619 - 9921 AU), calcium oxalate dihydrate (13815 - 15797 AU), calcium oxalate monohydrate (16297 - 18449 AU), and hydroxyapatite (21144 - 23121 AU). These AU values did not overlap. Analysis of intact stones showed excellent resolution of structural detail and could discriminate multiple mineral types within heterogeneous stones.ConclusionsMicro CT gives excellent structural detail of urinary stones, and these results demonstrate the feasibility of identifying and localizing most of the common mineral types found in urinary calculi using laboratory CT.

Dataset Information

X-ray Micro-Computed Tomography for Nondestructive Three-Dimensional (3D) X-ray Histology.

Publications

X-ray Micro-Computed Tomography for Nondestructive Three-Dimensional (3D) X-ray Histology.

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