Dataset Information

Is the Canadian Healthy Eating Index 2007 an Appropriate Diet Indicator of Metabolic Health? Insights from Dietary Pattern Analysis in the PREDISE Study.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to identify key elements from the 2007 Canada's Food Guide that should be included in a diet quality score aiming to reflect the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Dietary intakes of 998 adults (mean age: 43.2 years, 50% women) were used to obtain the Canadian Healthy Eating Index 2007 (C-HEI 2007) and Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI) scores, as well as a dietary pattern (DP) generated by the reduced rank regression (RRR) method. Based on these three scores, a modified version of the C-HEI 2007 (Modified C-HEI) was then proposed. The prevalence ratio (PR) of MetS was examined across diet quality scores using multivariate binomial regression analysis. A higher AHEI, Modified C-HEI, and a lower score for DP were all associated with a significantly lower prevalence of MetS (PR = 0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.28, 0.64; PR = 0.39; 95% CI 0.23, 0.63; and PR = 0.48; 95% CI 0.31, 0.74, respectively), whereas C-HEI 2007 was not (PR = 0.68; 95% CI 0.47, 1.00). Results suggest that a Modified C-HEI that considers key elements from the C-HEI 2007 and the AHEI, as well the DP, shows that participants with a higher score are less likely to have MetS.

SUBMITTER: Lafreniere J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6683076 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Is the Canadian Healthy Eating Index 2007 an Appropriate Diet Indicator of Metabolic Health? Insights from Dietary Pattern Analysis in the PREDISE Study.

Lafrenière Jacynthe J Carbonneau Élise É Laramée Catherine C Corneau Louise L Robitaille Julie J Labonté Marie-Ève MÈ Lamarche Benoît B Lemieux Simone S

Nutrients 20190714 7

The objective of this study was to identify key elements from the 2007 Canada's Food Guide that should be included in a diet quality score aiming to reflect the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Dietary intakes of 998 adults (mean age: 43.2 years, 50% women) were used to obtain the Canadian Healthy Eating Index 2007 (C-HEI 2007) and Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI) scores, as well as a dietary pattern (DP) generated by the reduced rank regression (RRR) method. Based on these three s ...[more]

PMID: 31337138

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Project description:BackgroundThe Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) measures adherence to the dietary pattern presented by the EAT-Lancet Commission, which aligns health and sustainability targets. There is a need to understand how PHDI scores correlate with dietary greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and how this differs from the carbon footprints of scores on established dietary recommendations. The objectives of this study were to compare how the PHDI, Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) relate to (a) dietary GHGE and (b) to examine the influence of PHDI food components on dietary GHGE.MethodsWe used life cycle assessment data from the Database of Food Recall Impacts on the Environment for Nutrition and Dietary Studies to calculate the mean dietary GHGE of 8,128 adult participants in the 2015-2016 and 2017-2018 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Poisson regression was used to estimate the association of (a) quintiles of diet score and (b) standardized dietary index Z-scores with dietary GHGE for PHDI, HEI-2015, and DASH scores. In secondary analyses, we used Poisson regression to assess the influence of individual PHDI component scores on dietary GHGE.ResultsWe found that higher dietary quality on all three indices was correlated with lower dietary GHGE. The magnitude of the dietary quality-dietary GHGE relationship was larger for PHDI [-0.4, 95% CI (-0.5, -0.3) kg CO2 equivalents per one standard deviation change] and for DASH [-0.5, (-0.4, -0.6) kg CO2-equivalents] than for HEI-2015 [-0.2, (-0.2, -0.3) kg CO2-equivalents]. When examining PHDI component scores, we found that diet-related GHGE were driven largely by red and processed meat intake.ConclusionsImproved dietary quality has the potential to lower the emissions impacts of US diets. Future efforts to promote healthy, sustainable diets could apply the recommendations of the established DASH guidelines as well as the new guidance provided by the PHDI to increase their environmental benefits.

Project description:The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is a diet quality index shown to be associated with reduced chronic disease risk. Older versions of the HEI have been adapted for Canadian populations; however, no Canadian modification of the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) has been made. The aims of this study were: (a) to develop a Canadian adaptation of the HEI-2010 (i.e., Healthy Eating Index-Canada 2010 (HEI-C 2010)) by adapting the recommendations of the HEI-2010 to Canada's Food Guide (CFG) 2007; (b) to evaluate the validity and reliability of the HEI-C 2010; and (c) to examine relationships between HEI-C 2010 scores with diet quality and the likelihood of being obese. Data from 12,805 participants (≥18 years) were obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 2.2. Weighted multivariate logistic regression was used to test the association between compliance to the HEI-C 2010 recommendations and the likelihood of being obese, adjusting for errors in self-reported dietary data. The total mean error-corrected HEI-C 2010 score was 50.85 ± 0.35 out of 100. Principal component analysis confirmed multidimensionality of the HEI-C 2010, while Cronbach's α = 0.78 demonstrated internal reliability. Participants in the fourth quartile of the HEI-C 2010 with the healthiest diets were less likely to consume refined grains and empty calories and more likely to consume beneficial nutrients and foods (p-trend < 0.0001). Lower adherence to the index recommendations was inversely associated with the likelihood of being obese; this association strengthened after correction for measurement error (Odds Ratio: 1.41; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.17-1.71). Closer adherence to Canada's Food Guide 2007 assessed through the HEI-C 2010 was associated with improved diet quality and reductions in the likelihood of obesity when energy intake and measurement errors were taken into account. Consideration of energy requirements and energy density in future updates of Canada's Food Guide are important and necessary to ensure broader application and usability of dietary quality indexes developed based on this national nutrition guideline.

Project description:BackgroundHealthy eating index (HEI), a measure of diet quality, associates with metabolic health outcomes; however, the molecular basis is unclear. We conducted a multi-omic study to examine whether HEI associates with the circulatory and gut metabolome and investigated the gut microbiome-HEI interaction on circulating and gut metabolites.MethodsThrough a cross-sectional study, we evaluated diet quality in healthy individuals [the ABO Glycoproteomics in Platelets and Endothelial Cells (ABO) Study, n = 73], metabolites (measured at Metabolon Inc.) in plasma (n = 800) and gut (n = 767) and the gut microbiome at enterotype and microbial taxa (n = 296) levels. Pathway analysis was conducted using Metaboanalyst 4.0. We performed multi-variable linear regression to explore both the HEI-metabolites and HEI-microbiome associations and how metabolites were affected by the HEI-microbiome interaction. In the Fish oils and Adipose Inflammation Reduction (FAIR) Study (n = 25), analyses on HEI and plasma metabolites were replicated. Estimates of findings from both studies were pooled in random-effects meta-analysis.ResultsThe HEI-2015 was associated with 74 plasma and 73 gut metabolites (mostly lipids) and with 47 metabolites in the meta-analysis of the ABO and FAIR Studies. Compared to Enterotype-1 participants, those with Enterotype-2 had higher diet quality (p = 0.01). We also identified 9 microbial genera associated with HEI, and 35 plasma and 40 gut metabolites linked to the HEI-gut microbiome interaction. Pathways involved in the metabolism of polar lipids, amino acids and caffeine strongly associated with diet quality. However, the HEI-microbiome interaction not only influenced the pathways involved in the metabolism of branch-chain amino acids, it also affected upstream pathways including nucleotide metabolism and amino acids biosynthesis.ConclusionsOur multi-omic analysis demonstrated that changes in metabolism, measured by either circulatory/gut metabolites or metabolic pathways, are influenced by not only diet quality but also gut microbiome alterations shaped by the quality of diet consumed. Future work is needed to explore the causality in the interplay between HEI and gut-microbiome composition in metabolism.

Project description:BackgroundAdherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans is often assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). The HEI total score reflects overall diet quality, with all aspects equally important. Using the traditional weighting scheme for the HEI, all components are generally weighted equally in the total score. However, there is limited empirical basis for applying the traditional weighting for pregnancy specifically.ObjectivesWe aimed to assess associations between the 12 HEI-2010 component scores and select pregnancy outcomes.MethodsThe Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-Be was a prospective pregnancy cohort (US multicenter, 2010-2013). Participants enrolled in the study between 6 and 13 weeks of gestation. An FFQ assessed usual dietary intake 3 months prior to pregnancy (n = 7880). Scores for the HEI-2010 components were assigned using prespecified standards based on densities (standard units per 1000 kcal) of relevant food groups for most components, a ratio (PUFAs and MUFAs to SFAs) for fatty acids, and the contribution to total energy for empty calories. Using binomial regression, we estimated risk differences between each component score and cases of small-for-gestational age (SGA) birth, preterm birth, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes, controlling for total energy and scores for the other HEI-2010 components.ResultsHigher scores for greens and beans and total vegetables were associated with fewer cases of SGA birth, preterm birth, and preeclampsia. For instance, every 1-unit increase in the greens and beans score was associated with 1.2 fewer SGA infants (95% CI, 0.7-1.7), 0.7 fewer preterm births (95% CI, 0.3-1.1), and 0.7 fewer preeclampsia cases (95% CI, 0.2-1.1) per 100 deliveries. For gestational diabetes, the associations were null.ConclusionsVegetable-rich diets were associated with fewer cases of SGA birth, preterm birth, and preeclampsia, controlling for overall diet quality. Examination of the equal weighting of the HEI components (and underlying guidance) is needed for pregnancy.

Dataset Information

Is the Canadian Healthy Eating Index 2007 an Appropriate Diet Indicator of Metabolic Health? Insights from Dietary Pattern Analysis in the PREDISE Study.

Publications

Is the Canadian Healthy Eating Index 2007 an Appropriate Diet Indicator of Metabolic Health? Insights from Dietary Pattern Analysis in the PREDISE Study.

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