Dataset Information

Ice nucleation ability of loess from the northwestern United States.

ABSTRACT: The heterogeneous nucleation of ice processes involving loess particles that influences the formation of mixed-phase clouds are poorly understood. Here, the ice nucleating ability of wind-blown dust or loess accumulated from the past glaciated area was investigated at three temperatures: -26, -30, and -34 °C and at below and above saturation with respect to liquid water conditions. Total six loess samples from different regions across Columbia Basin province, WA, USA were collected, dry dispersed, size-selected at mobility diameter 200 nm, and investigated for their ice nucleation efficiency. To understand the effect of atmospheric processing during long-range transport on their ice nucleating ability, similar experiments were also performed on acid-treated loess samples. Additionally, the ice nucleating properties of Arizona Test Dust (ATD) were investigated as a surrogate for natural mineral dust particles to test the experimental approach. Results show that treated particles have lower ice nucleation efficiency compared to untreated particles at all temperature and saturation with respect to liquid water conditions. Comparison based on ice-active site density (Ns) metric indicate that loess particles at saturation with respect to liquid water conditions are marginally more efficient than the mineral and soil dust values reported in the literature, but they have lower efficiencies than the predicted Ns efficiency of K-feldspar particles at supercooled temperatures greater than -38 °C.

SUBMITTER: Kulkarni G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6688799 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ice nucleation ability of loess from the northwestern United States.

Kulkarni Gourihar G

PloS one 20190809 8

The heterogeneous nucleation of ice processes involving loess particles that influences the formation of mixed-phase clouds are poorly understood. Here, the ice nucleating ability of wind-blown dust or loess accumulated from the past glaciated area was investigated at three temperatures: -26, -30, and -34 °C and at below and above saturation with respect to liquid water conditions. Total six loess samples from different regions across Columbia Basin province, WA, USA were collected, dry disperse ...[more]

PMID: 31398218

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Project description:Many microbes relevant to crops, domestic animals, and humans are transported over long distances through the atmosphere. Some of these atmospheric microbes catalyze the freezing of water at higher temperatures and facilitate the onset of precipitation. We collected microbes from the lower atmosphere in France and the United States with a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS). 55 sampling missions were conducted at two locations in France in 2014 (an airfield in Pujaut, and the top of Puy de Dôme), and three locations in the U.S. in 2015 (a farm in Blacksburg, Virginia, and a farm and a lake in Baton Rouge, Louisiana). The sUAS was a fixed-wing electric drone equipped with a remote-operated sampling device that was opened once the aircraft reached the desired sampling altitude (40-50 meters above ground level). Samples were collected on agar media (TSA, R4A, R2A, and CA) with and without the fungicide cycloheximide. Over 4,000 bacterial-like colonies were recovered across the 55 sUAS sampling missions. A positive relationship between sampling time and temperature and concentrations of culturable bacteria was observed for sUAS flights conducted in France, but not for sUAS flights conducted in Louisiana. A droplet freezing assay was used to screen nearly 2,000 colonies for ice nucleation activity, and 15 colonies were ice nucleation active at temperatures warmer than -8°C. Sequences from portions of 16S rDNA were used to identify 503 colonies from 54 flights to the level of genus. Assemblages of bacteria from sUAS flights in France (TSA) and sUAS flights in Louisiana (R4A) showed more similarity within locations than between locations. Bacteria collected with sUAS on TSA in France and Virginia were significantly different across all levels of classification tested (P < 0.001 for class, order, family, and genus). Principal Coordinates Analysis showed a strong association between the genera Curtobacterium, Pantoea, and Pseudomonas from sUAS flights in Virginia, and Agrococcus, Lysinibacillus, and Paenibacillus from sUAS flights in France. Future work aims to understand the potential origin of the atmospheric microbial assemblages collected with sUAS, and their association with mesoscale atmospheric processes.

Dataset Information

Ice nucleation ability of loess from the northwestern United States.

Publications

Ice nucleation ability of loess from the northwestern United States.

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