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Genotypic Variation in the Root and Shoot Metabolite Profiles of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Indicate Sustained, Preferential Carbon Allocation as a Potential Mechanism in Phosphorus Efficiency.

ABSTRACT: Changes in the levels of plant metabolites in response to nutrient deficiency is indicative of how plants utilize scarce resources. In this study, changes in the metabolite profile of roots and shoots of wheat genotypes differing in phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) was investigated. Under low P supply and at 28 days after sowing (DAS), the wheat breeding line, RAC875 (P efficient) produced 42% more shoot biomass than the wheat variety, and Wyalkatchem (P inefficient). Significant changes in the metabolite profile in leaves and roots were observed under low P supply and significant genotypic variation was evident. Under low P supply, an increase in raffinose and 1-kestose was evident in roots of both wheat genotypes, with RAC875 accumulating more when compared to Wyalkatchem. There was no significant increase in raffinose and 1-kestose in leaves when plants were grown under P deficiency. P deficiency had no significant impact on the levels of sucrose, maltose, glucose and fructose in both genotypes, and while phosphorylated sugars (glucose-6-P and fructose-6-P) remained unchanged in RAC875, in Wyalkatchem, glucose-6-P significantly decreased in roots, and fructose-6-P significantly decreased in both leaves and roots. Glycerol-3-P decreased twofold in roots of both wheat genotypes in response to low P. In roots, RAC875 exhibited significantly lower levels of fumarate, malate, maleate and itaconate than Wyalkatchem, while low P enhanced organic acid exudation in RAC875 but not in Wyalkatchem. RAC875 showed greater accumulation of aspartate, glutamine and ?-alanine in leaves than Wyalkatchem under low P supply. Greater accumulation of raffinose and 1-kestose in roots and aspartate, glutamine and ?-alanine in leaves appears to be associated with enhanced PUE in RAC875. Glucose-6-P and fructose-6-P are important for glycolysis, thus maintaining these metabolites would enable RAC875 to maintain carbohydrate metabolism and shoot biomass under P deficiency. The work presented here provides evidence that differences in metabolite profiles can be observed between wheat varieties that differ in PUE and key metabolic pathways are maintained in the efficient genotype to ensure carbon supply under P deficiency.

SUBMITTER: Nguyen VL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6691131 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genotypic Variation in the Root and Shoot Metabolite Profiles of Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Indicate Sustained, Preferential Carbon Allocation as a Potential Mechanism in Phosphorus Efficiency.

Nguyen Van Lam VL Palmer Lachlan L Roessner Ute U Stangoulis James J

Frontiers in plant science 20190806

Changes in the levels of plant metabolites in response to nutrient deficiency is indicative of how plants utilize scarce resources. In this study, changes in the metabolite profile of roots and shoots of wheat genotypes differing in phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) was investigated. Under low P supply and at 28 days after sowing (DAS), the wheat breeding line, RAC875 (P efficient) produced 42% more shoot biomass than the wheat variety, and Wyalkatchem (P inefficient). Significant changes in the m ...[more]

PMID: 31447867

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Project description:Drought is one of the main environmental factors affecting crop growth, and breeding drought-tolerant cultivars is one of the most economic and effective ways of increasing yields and ensuring sustainable agricultural production under drought stress. To facilitate the breeding of drought-tolerant wheat, this study was conducted to evaluate genotypic differences in the drought tolerance of 334 wheat genotypes collected from China and Australia with the aim of screening for drought-tolerant and -sensitive genotypes and to elucidate the corresponding physiological mechanisms. A hydroponic-air experiment (roots exposed to air for 7 h/d and continued for 6 d) showed significant genotypic differences in shoot and root dry weights among the genotypes. The relative shoot and root dry weights, expressed as the percentage of the control, showed a normal distribution, with variation ranges of 20.2-79.7% and 32.8-135.2%, respectively. The coefficients of variation were in the range of 18.2-22.7%, and the diversity index was between 5.71 and 5.73, indicating a rich genetic diversity among the wheat genotypes for drought tolerance. Using phenotypic differences in relative dry weights in responses to drought stress, 20 of each of the most drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive genotypes were selected; these were further evaluated in pot experiments (watering withheld until the soil moisture content reached four percent). The results showed that the trends in drought tolerance were consistent with the hydroponic-air experiment, with genotypes W147 and W235 being the most drought-tolerant and W201 and W282 the most sensitive. Significant genotypic differences in water use efficiency in response to drought were observed in the pot experiment, with the drought-tolerant genotypes being markedly higher and the two sensitive genotypes being no different from the control. A marked increase in bound water content in the drought stress plants was observed in the two drought-tolerant genotypes, while a decrease occurred in the free water. The reductions in photochemical efficiencies of PSII, transpiration rates, net photosynthesis rates, chlorophyll contents and stomatal conduction in the drought-sensitive genotypes W201 and W282 under drought stress were higher than the two tolerant genotypes. This study provides a theoretical guide and germplasm for the further genetic improvement of drought tolerance in wheat.

Dataset Information

Genotypic Variation in the Root and Shoot Metabolite Profiles of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Indicate Sustained, Preferential Carbon Allocation as a Potential Mechanism in Phosphorus Efficiency.

Publications

Genotypic Variation in the Root and Shoot Metabolite Profiles of Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Indicate Sustained, Preferential Carbon Allocation as a Potential Mechanism in Phosphorus Efficiency.

Similar Datasets

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