Dataset Information

Longitudinal changes in physical function and physical activity in older adults.

ABSTRACT:

Background

physical function (PF) and physical activity (PA) both decline as adults age and have been linked to negative outcomes, including dementia, depression and cardiovascular diseases. Although declines in each are associated with numerous negative outcomes, the longitudinal relationship between these two measures is unclear.

Objective

to examine the dynamic, bidirectional associations between declines in PF and PA.

Design

prospective cohort.

Setting

the Monongahela-Youghiogheny Healthy Aging Team (MYHAT) study.

Subjects

about 1,404 men and women, 76.96 ± 7.2 years, 62.4% female and 95.2% white.

Methods

over nine annual assessment cycles, PF was evaluated via the timed Up-and-Go task and PA via a self-reported questionnaire. Piecewise latent growth models examined bidirectional associations between PA and PF to determine whether the initial values (intercept) or early slope (cycles 1-5) (in either PF or PA) predicted later slope (cycles 5-9) (in either PF or PA).

Results

initial PF significantly predicted early (standardised β= -0.10, P < 0.001) and later (standardised β= -0.09, P = 0.01) PA slopes. Initial PA significantly predicted later (standardised β = -0.09, P = 0.04) but not early PF slope. Associations were independent of baseline memory test scores, baseline cognitive status, later cognitive status and age. Early physical function slope neither predicts later PA slope nor did early PA slope predict later PF slope (both P values >0.10).

Conclusions

the relationship between PF and PA is bidirectional, with PF more consistently predicting declines of PA, both in the short- and long-term. Intervening on PF impairments may improve PA engagement, which could in turn promote PF and translate to beneficial effects on cognitive function, cardiovascular health and mood.

SUBMITTER: Metti AL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6693378 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Longitudinal changes in physical function and physical activity in older adults.

Metti Andrea L AL Best John R JR Shaaban C Elizabeth CE Ganguli Mary M Rosano Caterina C

Age and ageing 20180701 4

<h4>Background</h4>physical function (PF) and physical activity (PA) both decline as adults age and have been linked to negative outcomes, including dementia, depression and cardiovascular diseases. Although declines in each are associated with numerous negative outcomes, the longitudinal relationship between these two measures is unclear.<h4>Objective</h4>to examine the dynamic, bidirectional associations between declines in PF and PA.<h4>Design</h4>prospective cohort.<h4>Setting</h4>the Monong ...[more]

PMID: 29546417

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Project description:PurposeEmerging evidence suggests physical activity (PA) is associated with cognitive function. To overcome limitations of self-report PA measures, this study investigated the association of accelerometer-measured PA with incident cognitive impairment and longitudinal cognition among older adults.MethodsParticipants were recruited from the cohort study Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke in the United States. Accelerometers provided PA measures, including the percentage of total accelerometer wearing time spent in moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA%), light-intensity PA, and sedentary time for four to seven consecutive days at baseline. Cognitive impairment was defined by the Six-Item Screener. Letter fluency, animal fluency, word list learning, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (orientation and recall) were conducted to assess executive function and memory.ResultsParticipants (N = 6452, 69.7 ± 8.5 yr, 55.3% women, 30.5% Black) with usable accelerometer and cognition measures spent extremely limited time in MVPA (1.5% ± 1.9% of accelerometer wearing time). During an average of 3 yr of follow-up, 346 cases of incident cognitive impairment were observed. After adjustments, participants in higher MVPA% quartiles had a lower risk of cognitive impairment (i.e., quartile 2: odds ratio = 0.64, 95% confidence interval = 0.48-0.84) and better maintenance in executive function (≥0.03 z-score units) and memory (≥0.12 z-score units) compared with quartile 1 (P < 0.05). Stratified analyses showed the same association among White adults, but higher MVPA% was associated with better maintenance of only memory among Black adults. No significance was found for light-intensity PA or sedentary time.ConclusionThere was a dose-response relationship between MVPA% and cognitive function in older adults, with higher levels associated with a 36% or lower risk of cognitive impairment and better maintenance of memory and executive function over time, particularly in White adults.

Project description:ObjectivesTo examine the longitudinal association between frequency of moderate physical activity (PA) and overall, physical, psychological, and social frailty among community-dwelling older adults older than 70 years. Second, we assessed the association between a 12-month change in frequency of moderate PA and frailty.DesignLongitudinal cohort study.SettingCommunity settings in Spain, Greece, Croatia, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.ParticipantsA total of 1735 participants (61.1% female; mean age = 79.6 years; SD = 5.5 years).MeasurementsThe frequency of self-reported moderate PA was measured and classified into two categories: "regular frequency" and "low frequency." The 12-month change in frequency of moderate PA between baseline and follow-up was classified into four categories: "continued regular frequency," "decreased frequency," "continued low frequency," and "increased frequency." The 15-item Tilburg Frailty Indicator assessed overall, physical, psychological, and social frailty.ResultsParticipants who undertook moderate PA with a regular frequency at baseline were less frail at 12-month follow-up than participants with a low frequency. Participants who undertook moderate PA with a continued regular frequency were least frail at baseline and at 12-month follow-up. After controlling for baseline frailty and covariates, compared with participants with a continued regular frequency, participants with a decreased frequency were significantly more overall (B = 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.99-1.63), physically (B = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.58-1.03), psychologically (B = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.30-0.56), and socially frail (B = 0.14; 95% CI = 0.04-0.23) at 12-month follow-up; participants with a continued low frequency were significantly more overall (B = 1.16; 95% CI = 0.84-1.49), physically (B = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.51-0.96), psychologically (B = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.29-0.55), and socially frail (B = 0.13; 95% CI = 0.04-0.23) at 12-month follow-up; the 12-month follow-up frailty level of participants who undertook moderate PA with an increased frequency was similar to those with a continued regular frequency.ConclusionMaintaining a regular frequency of PA as well as increasing to a regular frequency of PA are associated with maintaining or improving overall, physical, psychological, and social frailty among European community-dwelling older adults older than 70 years. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1484-1493, 2020.

Project description:BackgroundVisually impaired older adults have a greater risk of falling, making them particularly susceptible to fall-related health consequences and restricted physical activity. Unclear however, is the relationship between having falls and longitudinal changes in daily patterns of objectively measured physical activity in older adults with visual impairments.MethodsWe created a three-year prospective cohort study (Falls in Glaucoma Study) of older adults with primary or suspected glaucoma at the Johns Hopkins Wilmer Eye Institute from 2013 to 2015. Cumulative incidence of falls was determined through self-reported fall calendars over 12 months. Participants were then classified into one of three groups: multiple fallers (≥2 falls), single fallers (1 fall), and non-fallers (0). Daily physical activity was measured over 1 week using a waist-bound accelerometer during baseline and three-year follow-ups. Activity fragmentation was defined as the reciprocal of the mean activity bout length, with higher fragmentation reflecting shorter, more fractured bouts of continuous activity. Multivariate linear mixed-effects models were used to assess three-year longitudinal changes in: 1) activity fragmentation, and 2) accumulation of activity across six three-hour intervals from 5 AM to 11 PM.FindingsIn adjusted models accounting for visual field damage and other factors, multiple fallers demonstrated greater annual declines (per year) in daily active bouts (-1.79 bouts/day, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -3.35, -0.22), daily active minutes (-17.15 min/day, 95% CI: -26.35, -7.94), and increased fragmentation (1%, 95% CI: 0, 2%) over the three-year follow-up period as compared to non-fallers; no such changes were seen when comparing single fallers and non-fallers. In time-of-day analyses, multiple fallers experienced greater annual declines in average hourly steps over all periods of the day, though the rate of decline was only significant between 5 PM and 8 PM (-27.07 steps/hour, 95% CI: -51.15, -2.99) compared to non-fallers.InterpretationIn an older population with visual impairment, multiple falls over 12 months were associated with more transient and fragmented activity over a subsequent three-year period, and activity declines during evening hours, compared to non-fallers. These findings suggest that multiple fallers with visual impairment may be at high risk for a decline in physical capacity and endurance, warranting clinical interventions.FundingThe research was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grant EY022976.

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Project description:BackgroundDietary protein may slow the decline in muscle mass and function with aging, making it a sensible candidate to prevent or modulate disability progression. At present, studies providing reliable estimates of the association between protein intake and physical function, and its interaction with physical activity (PA), in community-dwelling older adults are lacking.ObjectivesWe investigated the longitudinal relation between protein intake and physical function, and the interaction with PA.MethodsWe undertook a pooled analysis of individual participant data from cohorts in the PROMISS (PRevention Of Malnutrition In Senior Subjects in the European Union) consortium (the Health Aging and Body Composition Study, Quebec Longitudinal Study on Nutrition and Successful Aging, Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, and Newcastle 85+) in which 5725 community-dwelling older adults were followed up to 8.5 y. The relation between protein intake and walking speed was determined using joint models (linear mixed-effects and Cox proportional hazards models) and the relation with mobility limitation was investigated using multistate models.ResultsHigher protein intake was modestly protective of decline in walking speed in a dose-dependent manner [e.g., protein intake ≥1.2 compared with 0.8 g/kg adjusted body weight (aBW)/d: β = 0.024, 95% CI: 0.009, 0.032 SD/y], with no clear indication of interaction with PA. Participants with protein intake ≥0.8 g/kg aBW/d had also a lower likelihood of incident mobility limitation, which was observed for each level of PA. This association seemed to be dose-dependent for difficulty walking but not for difficulty climbing stairs. No associations between protein intake and other mobility limitations transitions were observed.ConclusionsHigher daily protein intake can reduce physical function decline not only in older adults with protein intake below the current RDA of 0.8 g/kg BW/d, but also in those with a protein intake that is already considered sufficient. This dose-dependent association was observed for each level of PA, suggesting no clear synergistic association between protein intake and PA in relation to physical function.

Dataset Information

Longitudinal changes in physical function and physical activity in older adults.

Background

Objective

Design

Setting

Subjects

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Longitudinal changes in physical function and physical activity in older adults.

Similar Datasets

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