Dataset Information

Genetic determinants of BMI from early childhood to adolescence: the Santiago Longitudinal Study.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:While the genetic contribution to obesity is well established, few studies have examined how genetic variants influence standardized body mass index Z-score (BMIz) in Hispanics/Latinos, especially across childhood and adolescence. OBJECTIVES:We estimated the effect of established BMIz loci in Chilean children of the Santiago Longitudinal Study (SLS). METHODS:We examined associations with BMIz at age 10 for 15 loci previously identified in European children. For significant loci, we performed association analyses at ages 5 and 16 years, for which we have smaller sample sizes. We tested associations of unweighted genetic risk scores (GRSs) for previously identified tag variants (GRS_EUR) and from the most significant variants in SLS at each locus (GRS_SLS). RESULTS:We generalized five variants at age 10 (P < 0.05 and directionally consistent), including rs543874 that reached Bonferroni-corrected significance. The effect on BMIz was greatest at age 10 for all significant loci, except FTO, which exhibited an increase in effect from ages 5 to 16. Both GRSs were associated with BMIz (P < 0.0001), but GRS_SLS explained a much greater proportion of the variation (13.63%). CONCLUSION:Our results underscore the importance of conducting genetic investigations across life stages and selecting ancestry appropriate tag variants in future studies for disease prediction and clinical evaluation.

SUBMITTER: Justice AE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6696926 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genetic determinants of BMI from early childhood to adolescence: the Santiago Longitudinal Study.

Justice A E AE Chittoor G G Blanco E E Graff M M Wang Y Y Albala C C Santos J L JL Angel B B Lozoff B B Voruganti V S VS North K E KE Gahagan S S

Pediatric obesity 20181204 3

<h4>Background</h4>While the genetic contribution to obesity is well established, few studies have examined how genetic variants influence standardized body mass index Z-score (BMIz) in Hispanics/Latinos, especially across childhood and adolescence.<h4>Objectives</h4>We estimated the effect of established BMIz loci in Chilean children of the Santiago Longitudinal Study (SLS).<h4>Methods</h4>We examined associations with BMIz at age 10 for 15 loci previously identified in European children. For s ...[more]

PMID: 30515969

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Project description:BackgroundChildhood socioeconomic position (SEP) has previously been associated with increased risk of overweight among children and adolescents. However, it remains uncertain whether the timing of exposure is important in relation to developing overweight in early adulthood. We aimed to examine how SEP during early (0-8 years) and late childhood (9-14 years) relates to overweight at age 15, 18 and 21.MethodsLongitudinal study in Western Denmark of 2879 young people (aged 15 in 2004). Exposure variables from registers were yearly household income, parental highest educational level and parental labour market participation (LMP), supplemented with questionnaire information about "family functioning" (age 15). Outcome variables were overweight and obesity, measured at three-time points.We analyzed the adjusted associations between childhood SEP and overweight and obesity using multinomial logistic regression, stratified on gender.ResultsEarly childhood: Parental lower educational level increased girls' risk of overweight and obesity at age 18 and 21 between RR = 1.8 (95% CI 1.0;3.4) and RR = 5.2 (95% CI 1.4;19.3). Girls reporting poor "family functioning" had up to twice the risk of overweight and obesity at age 21. Boys, whose fathers had a lower level of education had up to 2.4 times the risk of obesity at age 21. Parental low LMP increased boys' risk of obesity at age 18 and 21 between RR = 2.2 (95% CI 1.3;3.8) and RR = 2.8 (95% CI 1.3;6.1). Late childhood: Parental lower level of education tripled the risk of overweight and obesity among girls at age 18 and among both genders at age 21.ConclusionThis study confirmed to some extent that economic, social and psychological insecurity and inequality as measured by lower parental educational level, lower household income, low labour market participation and poor family function during childhood was associated with an increased risk of overweight and especially obesity in adolescence and early adulthood in both genders. Despite some imprecise measures, the direction of the associations pointed to several associations, which all were in the hypothesized direction. Timing of lower household income and parental low LMP in childhood seemed to be gender-specific in some way, but this warrants more studies.

Project description:BackgroundInternalizing symptoms are among the most common psychological symptoms in childhood and adolescence, are highly stable and can cause severe impairment. Current research discusses lower capacities of self-regulation (SR) as risk factors for the development of internalizing symptoms. The present study identifies trajectories of internalizing symptoms in the transition phase from middle childhood to adolescence and examines multiple SR facets as predictors of potentially unfavorable trajectories, also in the presence of other established risk factors.MethodsThe study utilized a community sample of N = 1453 (52.2% female) German children, who provided data at up to three measurement points (t1: 6-11 years, t2: 7-11 years, t3: 9-13 years). Trajectories of internalizing symptoms were based on parents' ratings of the emotional problems scale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. SR facets were assessed using multiple methods and informants. Two multinomial regression analyses were conducted to predict class membership by (1) SR facets and gender and (2) SR facets, gender, and other established risk factors (education status, family adversity, peer problems).ResultsUsing growth mixture modelling, we identified three trajectory classes with stable low (n = 1200), increasing (n = 124), and early high decreasing internalizing symptoms (n = 129). In the regression analysis controlling for risk factors, membership in the increasing trajectory was significantly predicted by higher emotional reactivity (OR = 2.65, p < .001), higher cognitive flexibility/set-shifting (OR = 1.48, p = .032), and higher family adversity (OR = 1.38, p = .046). Membership in the early high decreasing trajectory was significantly predicted by higher emotional reactivity (OR = 4.15, p < .001), higher inhibitory control (OR = 1.47, p = .045), lower working-memory updating (OR = 0.69, p = .016), lower delay of gratification (OR = 0.75, p = .028), and higher family adversity (OR = 1.63, p = .001).ConclusionsSR facets incrementally and differentially predict potentially unfavorable trajectories of internalizing symptoms from age 6 to 13, surpassing the predictive value of gender or education status. Higher emotional reactivity emerged as the most influential factor, which could therefore be addressed in future prevention and intervention efforts.

Dataset Information

Genetic determinants of BMI from early childhood to adolescence: the Santiago Longitudinal Study.

Publications

Genetic determinants of BMI from early childhood to adolescence: the Santiago Longitudinal Study.

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