Dataset Information

IMPACT OF HEADLIGHT GLARE ON PEDESTRIAN DETECTION WITH UNILATERAL CATARACT.

ABSTRACT: Detecting pedestrians while driving at night is difficult, and is further impeded by oncoming headlight glare (HLG). Cataracts increase intraocular light scattering, making the task even more challenging. We used a within-subjects repeated measures design to determine the impact of HLG on driving with unilateral cataract. Pedestrian detection performance of six young normal vision (NV) subjects was measured with clear lens glasses and with simulated unilateral cataract (0.8 Bangerter foil) glasses. The subjects drove night-time scenarios in a driving simulator with and without custom simulated headlight glare. With simulated unilateral cataracts, pedestrian detection rates decreased and response times increased with oncoming HLG. We verified these effects with six patients who already underwent cataract surgery for one eye and were scheduled to get cataract surgery in the other eye. We measured their performance before and after the second cataract surgery. The results were similar to those obtained with the simulated unilateral cataract, confirming that a negative impact of HLG persists with untreated cataract in one eye.

SUBMITTER: Manda S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6698325 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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IMPACT OF HEADLIGHT GLARE ON PEDESTRIAN DETECTION WITH UNILATERAL CATARACT.

Manda Sailaja S Castle Rachel R Hwang Alex D AD Peli Eli E

Proceedings of the ... International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design 20190601

Detecting pedestrians while driving at night is difficult, and is further impeded by oncoming headlight glare (HLG). Cataracts increase intraocular light scattering, making the task even more challenging. We used a within-subjects repeated measures design to determine the impact of HLG on driving with unilateral cataract. Pedestrian detection performance of six young normal vision (NV) subjects was measured with clear lens glasses and with simulated unilateral cataract (0.8 Bangerter foil) glass ...[more]

PMID: 31423491

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Project description:ImportanceSome marketing materials for yellow-lens night-driving glasses claim that they increase nighttime road visibility and reduce oncoming headlight glare (HLG). However, there is no scientific evidence to support these claims.ObjectiveTo measure the association between yellow-lens glasses and the detection of pedestrians with and without an oncoming HLG, using a driving simulator equipped with a custom HLG simulator.Design, setting, and participantsA single-center cohort study was conducted between September 8, 2016, and October 25, 2017, at the Schepens Eye Research Institute. A total of 22 individuals participated in the study, divided into groups to determine response to a pedestrian wearing a navy blue shirt by younger individuals and, to control for participant's age and the interaction of the shirt color with the filter, response to a pedestrian wearing an orange shirt by a group of younger and older participants.ExposuresParticipants drove scripted night-driving scenarios, 3 times with 3 commercially available yellow-lens glasses and once with clear-lens glasses, with the HLG simulator turned on and off. A total of 8 conditions were used for each participant.Main outcomes and measuresPedestrian detection response time.ResultsThe 22 participants who completed the study included 12 younger (mean [SD] age, 28 [7] years; 6 men) individuals who responded to a pedestrian wearing a dark navy blue shirt, as well as 6 younger (mean [SD] age, 27 [4] years; 4 men) and 4 older (mean [SD], 70 [11] years; all men) participants who responded to a pedestrian in an orange shirt. All participants had normal visual acuity (mean [SD], -0.05 [0.06] logMAR). No significant difference in response time with yellow lens was found in all experiment conditions; younger participants for dark navy blue shirt pedestrians (F1,33 = 0.59; P = .45), orange shirt pedestrians (F1,15 = 0.13; P = .72), and older participants for orange shirt pedestrians (F1,9 = 0.84; P = .38). Among all participants (n = 22), no significant main effect of yellow lenses was found (F1,63 = 0.64; P = .42). In all measuring conditions, the response times with the yellow lenses were not better than with the clear lenses. Significant main effects of HLG were found with dark navy blue shirt pedestrian condition for young participants (F1,33 = 7.34; P < .001) and with orange shirt pedestrian condition for older individuals (F1,9 = 75.32; P < .001), where the difference in response time between with and without HLG was larger for older (1.5 seconds) than younger (0.3 seconds) participants.Conclusions and relevanceUsing a driver simulator equipped with an HLG simulator, yellow-lens night-driving glasses did not appear to improve pedestrian detection at night or reduce the negative effects of HLG on pedestrian detection performance. These findings do not appear to support having eye care professionals advise patients to use yellow-lens night-driving glasses.

Project description:ImportanceParents may be concerned about the adverse outcomes of occlusion therapy in children treated for unilateral congenital cataract (UCC).ObjectiveTo determine whether occlusion therapy in children treated for UCC with poor visual outcomes is negatively associated with poorer child and/or family functioning.Design, setting, and participantsThis cohort study was conducted in 2023 using data collected between 2006 and 2016 in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS). IATS participants with a visual acuity (VA) of 20/200 or worse were included. Statistical analysis was performed from July 2022 to October 2023.ExposureCaregivers reported the mean daily minutes of patching during the 12 months prior to the VA assessment at 4.5 years of age. Patching was categorized as minimal (<15 minutes per day), moderate (15 to <120 minutes per day), or extensive (≥120 minutes per day).Main outcome measuresAt 4.25 and 10.5 years of age, caregivers reported stress associated with the parenting role using the Parenting Stress Index and the Ocular Treatment Index and child behavior problems using the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist. Motor skills were assessed at age 54 months using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition. Children completed the Harter Self-Perception Profile for Children at age 10.5 years. One-way analysis of variance and χ2 tests were used to compare outcomes by amount of patching.ResultsPatching data were available for 47 of 53 children (88.7%) with a VA of 20/200 or worse. Among these 47 children with patching data included in the study, 20 (42.5%) were female, 27 (57.5%) were male, 12 (25.5%) were reported to have been patched fewer than 15 minutes per day, 11 (23.4%) were patched 16 to 119 minutes per day, and 24 (51.1%) were patched at least 120 minutes per day. Parenting stress, child behavior problems, motor functioning, and child self-perception were similar in all groups. For example, after adjusting for gender and insurance status, there was a nonsignificant difference between mean stress scores of 11.0 (95% CI, -4.5 to 26.5) points for parents who reported minimal patching vs parents who reported patching at least 120 minutes per day, and there was no significant difference in children's report of their global self-worth (0.0 [95% CI, -0.4 to 0.3] points).Conclusions and relevanceOcclusion therapy was not negatively associated with family or child functioning. Although the sample size was limited, these results do not support changes to the current practice guidelines.

Project description:PurposeWe report endothelial cell (EC) characteristics and central corneal thickness (CCT) from the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS) patients at the 5-year examination.DesignRandomized, controlled trial of the treatment of unilateral cataract with aphakic contact lens (CL) versus primary intraocular lens (IOL) implant.ParticipantsA total of 114 infants with unilateral cataract.MethodsThe EC density, coefficient of variation (CV), and percent hexagonal cells were measured by noncontact specular microscopy. The CCT was measured using contact pachymetry. Fellow eyes served as controls.Main outcome measuresMean differences between treated and fellow eyes of CL and IOL groups were compared with a paired t test. A 1-way analysis of variance model and the Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison procedure were used to assess the effect of a diagnosis of glaucoma or glaucoma suspect.ResultsA total of 105 subjects (52 with CLs, 53 with IOLs) had specular microscopy or corneal thickness data recorded. Mean EC densities were higher in aphakic eyes compared with fellow eyes (3921 vs. 3495 cells/mm2, P<0.0001). Mean CV was higher (27 vs. 24, P=0.0002) and mean percent hexagonal cells was lower (72% vs. 76%, P=0.002) in aphakic eyes compared with fellow eyes. Mean CCT of aphakic eyes was higher than in controls (637 vs. 563 μm, P<0.0001). There was no difference in EC density in eyes treated with IOLs compared with fellow eyes (3445 and 3487 cells/mm2, P=0.68). Means for CV (25 vs. 24, P=0.07) and percent hexagonal cells (74 vs. 76%, P=0.27) were also not significantly different. Mean CCT was higher in eyes with IOLs (605 vs. 571 μm, P<0.0001) compared with fellow eyes. Compared with treated eyes without glaucoma or glaucoma suspect, treated eyes with glaucoma had lower EC density (3289 vs. 3783 cells/mm2, P=0.03) and treated eyes with glaucoma suspect had greater mean corneal thickness (660 vs. 612 μm, P=0.0036).ConclusionsCataract extraction during infancy with IOL implantation was not associated with a reduced EC count in treated compared with fellow eyes, although CCT was increased. Extended-wear aphakic CLs may cause corneal polymegathism with increased EC density and CCT. Glaucoma diagnosis was associated with reduced EC counts and increased CCT.

Dataset Information

IMPACT OF HEADLIGHT GLARE ON PEDESTRIAN DETECTION WITH UNILATERAL CATARACT.

Publications

IMPACT OF HEADLIGHT GLARE ON PEDESTRIAN DETECTION WITH UNILATERAL CATARACT.

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