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Reported injury, hospitalization, and injury fatality rates among New Jersey adolescent workers.

ABSTRACT: Background:Workplace injuries are a public health concern, including among adolescents and young adults. Secondary school career-technical-vocational education related injuries are mandated by code under jurisdiction of New Jersey Department of Education to be reported online to New Jersey Safe Schools Program. These are the only U.S. law-based surveillance data for young workers in secondary school career-technical-vocational education. New Jersey Department of Health's hospitalization and fatality records provide additional information about other secondary school career-technical-vocational education and non- secondary school career-technical-vocational education related injuries not necessarily reported to New Jersey Safe Schools Program. This report compared data available to the New Jersey Department of Health and New Jersey Safe Schools Program on injuries among young workers ages 14-21?years. Methods:Annual work-related hospitalizations, 2007-2016, were abstracted from hospital discharge data. Denominator data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics was used to estimate annual crude rate of hospitalizations per 100,000 employed persons. Hospitalization rates were stratified by demographic data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Hospitalization rates for primary diagnoses and job title/status with ?2 documented cases were reported. Annual crude fatality rates per 100,000 full time equivalent workers, age???16?years, were estimated for 1990-2016 using annual average full time equivalent workers and the U.S. National Institute Occupational Safety and Health's Employed Labor Force Query System as denominator. Results:Annual crude hospitalization rates decreased over time. Hospitalization and fatality rates were higher among young adult workers ages 19-21?years; non-Hispanic Whites; and, males. Percent fatality for ages 19-21?years was greater than ages 14-17?years and 18?years. Declines in hospitalization rates corresponded to decreases in reported injuries among career-technical-vocational education students. Age distribution varied slightly between hospital discharge data and New Jersey Safe Schools Program data. Conclusion:Hospitalization and fatality rates were higher among males than among females, possibly reflecting a tendency for males to engage in riskier jobs than females. Understanding injury disparities can inform public health prevention efforts. Trainings/interventions should aim at addressing the most frequently diagnosed conditions or nature of reported injuries, within those most impacted career clusters like sales/restaurant workers.

SUBMITTER: Uhiara D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6699110 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Reported injury, hospitalization, and injury fatality rates among New Jersey adolescent workers.

Uhiara Daniel D Shendell Derek G DG Borjan Marija M Graber Judith M JM Koshy Koshy K Lumia Margaret M

Injury epidemiology 20190819

<h4>Background</h4>Workplace injuries are a public health concern, including among adolescents and young adults. Secondary school career-technical-vocational education related injuries are mandated by code under jurisdiction of New Jersey Department of Education to be reported online to New Jersey Safe Schools Program. These are the only U.S. law-based surveillance data for young workers in secondary school career-technical-vocational education. New Jersey Department of Health's hospitalization ...[more]

PMID: 31453047

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Project description:Although data about COVID-19 cases and deaths in the United States are readily available at the county-level, datasets on smaller geographic areas are limited. County-level data have been used to identify geospatial patterns of COVID-19 spread and, in conjunction with sociodemographic variables, have helped identify population health disparities concerning COVID-19 in the US. Municipality-level data are essential for advancing more targeted and nuanced understanding of geographic-based risk and resilience associated with COVID-19. We created a dataset that tracks COVID-19 cases and deaths by municipalities in the state of New Jersey (NJ), US, from April 22, 2020 to December 31, 2020. Data were drawn primarily from official county and municipality websites. The dataset is a spreadsheet containing cumulative case counts and case rates in each municipaly on three target dates, representing the peak of the first wave, the summer trough after the first wave, and the outbreak of the second wave in NJ. This dataset is valuable for four main reasons. First, the dataset is unique, because New Jersey's Health Department does not release COVID-19 data for the 77% (433/565) of municipalities with populations smaller than 20,000 individuals. Second, especially when combined with other data sources, such as publicly available sociodemographic data, this dataset can be used to advance epidemiological research on geographic differences in COVID-19, as well as to inform decision-making concerning the allocation of resources in response to the pandemic (e.g., strategies for targeted vaccine outreach campaigns). Third, county-level data mask important variations across municipalities, so municipality-level data permit a more nuanced exploration of health disparities related to local demographics, socioeconomic conditions, and access to resources and services. New Jersey is a good state to explore these patterns, because it is the most densely-populated and racially/ethnically diverse state in the US. Fourth, New Jersey was one of the few locations in the US with a high prevalence of COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic in the US. Thus, this dataset permits exploration of whether sociodemographic variables predicted COVID-19 differently as time progressed. To summarize, this unique municipality-level dataset in a diverse state with high COVID-19 cases is valuable for scholars and policy analysts to explore social and environmental factors related to the prevalence and transmission of COVID-19 in the US.

Project description:BackgroundSocial vulnerability indices were created to measure resiliency to environmental disasters based on socioeconomic and population characteristics of discrete geographic regions. They are composed of multiple validated constructs that can also potentially identify geographically vulnerable populations after injury. Our objective was to determine if these indices correlate with injury fatality rates in the US.MethodsWe evaluated three social vulnerability indices: The Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute's Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI), the Center for Disease Control's Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), and the Economic Innovation Group's Distressed Community Index (DCI). We analyzed SVI subindices and common individual census variables as indicators of socioeconomic status. Outcomes included age-adjusted county-level overall, firearm, and motor vehicle collision deaths per 100,000 population. Linear regression determined the association of injury fatality rates with the SoVI, SVI, and DCI. Bivariate choropleth mapping identified geographic variation and spatial autocorrelation of overall fatality, SoVI, and DCI.ResultsA total of 3,137 US counties were included. Only 24.6% of counties fell into the same vulnerability quintile for all three indices. Despite this, all indices were associated with increasing fatality rates for overall, firearm, and motor vehicle collision fatality. The DCI performed best by model fit, explanation of variance, and diagnostic performance on overall injury fatality. There is significant geographic variation in SoVI, DCI, and injury fatality rates at the county level across the United States, with moderate spatial autocorrelation of SoVI (Moran's I, 0.35; p < 0.01) and high autocorrelation of injury fatality rates (Moran's I, 0.77; p < 0.01) and DCI (Moran's I, 0.53; p < 0.01).ConclusionWhile the indices contribute unique information, higher social vulnerability is associated with higher injury fatality across all indices. These indices may be useful in the epidemiologic and geographic assessment of injury-related fatality rates. Further study is warranted to determine if these indices outperform traditional measures of socioeconomic status and related constructs used in trauma research.Level of evidenceEpidemiological, level IV.

Dataset Information

Reported injury, hospitalization, and injury fatality rates among New Jersey adolescent workers.

Publications

Reported injury, hospitalization, and injury fatality rates among New Jersey adolescent workers.

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