Dataset Information

Metabolic responses of rice source and sink organs during recovery from combined drought and heat stress in the field.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Drought and heat stress effects on rice have been extensively studied, in particular during the sensitive flowering and grain-filling stages. However, in the field these stresses usually occur together because reduced transpirational cooling under drought conditions results in increased plant tissue temperature. In addition, environmental stresses are usually transient and the ability to efficiently recover from stress may be at least as important for overall stress tolerance as the direct stress response itself. Nevertheless, nothing is known about recovery mechanisms after drought and heat stress in rice under field conditions. RESULTS:We have used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to elucidate the metabolic responses of flag leaves, flowering spikelets, and developing seeds from 3 rice cultivars differing in their drought and heat tolerance to rewatering after stress in the field. Within 60 hours after rewatering, many stress-responsive metabolites returned to their control levels, although recovery was not complete. In addition, control plants showed developmental differences that were revealed by metabolite profiles during 60 hours of post-stress sampling, in particular in developing seeds. Correlation analysis identified several metabolites as marker candidates for the stability of grain yield or quality under conditions of combined drought and heat stress. CONCLUSIONS:The rewatering responses of stressed plants seemed to be a combination of the reversal of stress effects and reinitiation of development after stress relief. The identified potential markers can be useful in efforts to breed stress-tolerant rice germplasm to ensure food availability under changing climate conditions.

SUBMITTER: Lawas LMF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6703437 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Metabolic responses of rice source and sink organs during recovery from combined drought and heat stress in the field.

Lawas Lovely Mae F LMF Erban Alexander A Kopka Joachim J Jagadish S V Krishna SVK Zuther Ellen E Hincha Dirk K DK

GigaScience 20190801 8

<h4>Background</h4>Drought and heat stress effects on rice have been extensively studied, in particular during the sensitive flowering and grain-filling stages. However, in the field these stresses usually occur together because reduced transpirational cooling under drought conditions results in increased plant tissue temperature. In addition, environmental stresses are usually transient and the ability to efficiently recover from stress may be at least as important for overall stress tolerance ...[more]

PMID: 31433831

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Project description:Rice is susceptible to both heat and drought stress, in particular during flowering and grain filling, when both grain yield and quality may be severely compromised. However, under field conditions, these two stresses rarely occur separately. Under well-watered conditions, plants avoid heat stress by transpirational cooling, while this is not possible under drought conditions. Although investigating combined heat and drought stress is clearly more agronomically relevant than analyzing the effects of the single stresses, only a few studies of this stress combination, in particular under field conditions, have been published. Furthermore, little is known about how plants respond during recovery from drought stress, which also determines plant survival. To address these knowledge gaps, three rice cultivars differing in heat and drought tolerance were grown in the field under control and drought conditions in three consecutive years. Drought was applied either during flowering or during early grain filling, resulting in simultaneous heat stress, leading to reduced grain yield and quality. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed distinct metabolic profiles for the three investigated organs (flag leaves, flowering spikelets, developing seeds). The metabolic responses of the plants also strongly differed between cultivars and organs, and between stress and rewatering conditions. Correlation analysis identified potential metabolic markers for grain yield and quality under combined heat and drought stress from stress- and rewatering-regulated metabolites and from metabolites with constitutive differences between the cultivars. These results show that GC-MS can resolve metabolic responses to combined heat and drought stress and subsequent rewatering in different organs of field-grown rice. The metabolite profiles can be used to identify potential marker metabolites for yield stability and grain quality that are expected to improve breeding efforts towards climate change resilient rice.

Project description:Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a model crop for studying development regulation and ripening in flesh fruits and vegetables. Supplementary light to maintain the optimal light environment can lead to the stable growth of tomatoes in greenhouses and areas without sufficient daily light integral. Technological advances in genome-wide molecular phenotyping have dramatically enhanced our understanding of metabolic shifts in the plant metabolism across tomato fruit development. However, comprehensive metabolic and transcriptional behaviors along the developmental process under supplementary light provided by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) remain to be fully elucidated. We present integrative omic approaches to identify the impact on the metabolism of a single tomato plant leaf exposed to monochromatic red LEDs of different intensities during the fruit development stage. Our special light delivery system, the "simplified source-sink model," involves the exposure of a single leaf below the second truss to red LED light of different intensities. We evaluated fruit-size- and fruit-shape variations elicited by different light intensities. Our findings suggest that more than high-light treatment (500 ?mol m-2 s-1) with the red LED light is required to accelerate fruit growth for 2 weeks after anthesis. To investigate transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in leaf- and fruit samples we used microarray-, RNA sequencing-, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. We found that metabolic shifts in the carbohydrate metabolism and in several key pathways contributed to fruit development, including ripening and cell-wall modification. Our findings suggest that the proposed workflow aids in the identification of key metabolites in the central metabolism that respond to monochromatic red-LED treatment and contribute to increase the fruit size of tomato plants. This study expands our understanding of systems-level responses mediated by low-, appropriate-, and high levels of red light irradiation in the fruit growth of tomato plants.

Project description:Valeriana jatamansi Jones and Hedychium spicatum Ham-ex-Smith are important medicinal herbs of the Himalayan region, which are highly demanded by pharmaceutical industries. Climatic variability especially increasing temperature and water deficit affects the growth and productivity of these species. In addition, increased temperature and water deficit may trigger the biosynthesis of medicinally important bioactive metabolites, which influence the quality of raw plant material and finished products. Therefore, V. jatamansi and H. spicatum plants were undertaken and subjected to different levels of drought (no irrigation), heat (35 °C), and combined stresses for investigating their physiological and metabolic responses. Both the treatments (individually and in combination) reduced relative water content, photosynthesis, carboxylation efficiency, chlorophyll content, while increased intracellular CO2, malondialdehyde and H2O2 content in both the species. Transpiration and stomatal conductance increased under heat and reduced under drought stress as compared to control. Water use efficiency was found to be increased under drought, while reduced under heat stress. Protein, proline, carotenoid content and antioxidant enzymes activities (superoxide dismutase, peroxidise, catalase) initially increased and thereafter decreased during late stages of stress. Exposure of plants to combined stress was more detrimental than individual stress. In V. jatamansi, exposure to drought stress significantly (p < 0.05) increased valerenic acid content in all plant parts (1.0-6.9 fold) with maximum increase after 20 days of exposure, while under heat stress, valerenic acid content increased (1.0-1.2 fold) in belowground part of V. jatamansi, and decreased (1.1-1.3 fold) in aerial part as compared to control. In H. spicatum, exposure of individual heat stress for 25-30 days and combined stress for 5-15 days significantly (p < 0.05) increased linalool content to 6.2-6.5 fold and 8.3-19.6 fold, respectively, as compared to control. Higher accumulation of bioactive compounds after exposure to mild stress provides encouraging prospects for enhancing pharmaceutical properties of these Himalayan herbs.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01027-w.

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Dataset Information

Metabolic responses of rice source and sink organs during recovery from combined drought and heat stress in the field.

Publications

Metabolic responses of rice source and sink organs during recovery from combined drought and heat stress in the field.

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