Trends and patterns in fatal US motorcycle crashes, 2000-2016.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Chaudhuri U
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6706857 | biostudies-literature | 2019
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Trends and patterns in fatal US motorcycle crashes, 2000-2016.
Chaudhuri Urmimala U Ratnapradipa Kendra L KL Shen Sijun S Rice Thomas M TM Smith Gary A GA Zhu Motao M
Traffic injury prevention 20190708 6
<b>Objective:</b> To investigate trends of motorcyclist fatalities and identify at-risk populations by motorcyclist demographics and crash characteristics. <b>Methods:</b> We used the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) database (2000-2016) to track fatality rate trends, which were quantified by using Poisson mixed-effects regression models comparing 2000-2001 and 2007-2008, as well as 2009-2010 and 2015-2016. <b>Results:</b> The overall fatality rate per 100,000 population increased from ...[more]
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| S-EPMC4068732 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMotorcycles are one of the important members of commercial transportation because of the convenient use during congested traffic conditions and the ease of parking in narrow streets. This study investigates the characteristics of crashes and traffic signal violations caused by motorcycle couriers.MethodsFrom the national compensation data, this study analyzed the traffic crashes caused by 671 motorcycle couriers.ResultsAmong 671 injured couriers, 50.6% were aged less than 40 years, 49.2% run in a small business of <5 employees, and 47.2% had work experience of <6 months. Motorcycle crashes occurred mainly due to "rider overturned alone" (67.5%), in the daytime (73.5%), or on cloudy or clear days (77.2%). However, the violation rate caused by motorcycle couriers was high in couriers in a small business of <5 employees (13.9%), with work experience of <6 months (13.9%), on cloudy or clear days (12.4%), on an intersection (29.8%), in the type of "crash with a vehicle" (31.2%), or in a death accident (35.7%).ConclusionThe findings of this study can be used as a baseline in devising policies for preventing crashes of motorcycle couriers.
| S-EPMC6598799 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceNotable increases in mortality from alcohol-induced causes over the past 2 decades in the United States have been reported. However, comprehensive assessments of trends in alcohol-induced mortality by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and social and geographic factors are lacking.ObjectiveTo examine trends in alcohol-induced mortality rates from 2000 to 2016, comparing results by demographic characteristics including sex, race/ethnicity, age, county-level socioeconomic status, and geographic location.Design, setting, and participantsThis serial cross-sectional study used US national vital statistics data for years 2000 to 2016 for all US residents older than 15 years. Data analysis was conducted from January to September 2019.ExposuresTrends in alcohol-induced mortality by sex, race/ethnicity, age, county-level socioeconomic status (ie, median income, percentage of unemployed residents, percentage of residents with a bachelor's degree), rurality level, and US state.Main outcomes and measuresAlcohol-induced mortality, ie, deaths for which alcohol holds a population-attributable fraction of 1. Deaths were expressed per 100 000 residents as absolute and age-standardized rates. Mortality trends were measured as average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) for the entire period (ie, 2000-2016) and annual percentage changes (APCs) for individual periods of change within the study period.ResultsA total of 425 045 alcohol-induced deaths were identified from 2000 to 2016 (2000: 19 627 deaths; 14 979 [76.3%] men; 2016: 34 857 deaths; 25 213 [73.3%] men). The rate of alcohol-induced deaths increased substantially among men (AAPC, 1.4%; 95% CI, 1.0% to 1.8%) and women (AAPC, 3.1%; 95% CI, 2.6% to 3.6%) and accelerated recently (men, 2012-2016: APC, 4.2%; 95% CI, 3.1% to 5.3%; women, 2013-2016: APC, 7.1%; 95% CI, 5.1% to 9.1%). The largest increases by race/ethnicity were observed among American Indian and Alaska Native men (AAPC, 3.3%; 95% CI, 2.6% to 4.0%), American Indian and Alaska Native women (AAPC, 4.2%; 95% CI, 3.8% to 4.6%), and white women (AAPC, 4.1%; 95% CI, 3.6% to 4.7%). Despite initial declines among black women, black men, and Latino men (eg, Latino men, 2000-2003: APC, -5.1%; 95% CI, -9.8% to -0.1%; 2003-2013: APC, -0.6%; 95% CI, -1.4% to 0.2%), increases occurred later in the study period (eg, Latino men, 2013-2016: APC, 4.1%; 95% CI, 0.3% to 8.1%). The rates of increase varied by age group and in turn by racial/ethnic group. Among white individuals, large absolute increases occurred in midlife (eg, men aged 55-59 years, 2000-2003: 25.5 deaths per 100 000 residents; 2013-2016: 43.3 deaths per 100 000 residents; women aged 50-54 years, 2000-2003: 7.4 deaths per 100 000 residents; 2013-2016: 16.5 deaths per 100 000 residents), although APCs were also large for ages 25 to 34 years, ranging from 4.6% to 6.9% per year among men and from 7.3% to 12.0% among women. Among American Indian and Alaska Native individuals, increases throughout the age range were observed, with the largest absolute increase occurring for ages 45 to 49 years among men (2000-2013: 113.6 deaths per 100 000 residents; 2013-2016: 193.1 deaths per 100 000 residents) and for ages 50 to 54 among women (2000-2013: from 56.1 deaths per 100 000 residents; 2013-2016: 105.1 deaths per 100 000 residents).Conclusions and relevanceThis study found large increases in alcohol-induced death rates across age and racial/ethnic subgroups of the US population, which have accelerated over recent years. Large increases in alcohol-induced deaths among younger age groups may be associated with future increases in alcohol-related disease.
| S-EPMC7043198 | biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC7500827 | biostudies-literature
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Project description:ImportanceNasal endoscopy is the most highly reimbursed routine clinical procedure in otolaryngology by Medicare. To our knowledge, the economic and demographic characteristics of nasal endoscopy have not been characterized at a population level.ObjectiveTo quantify trends in use of nasal endoscopy among Medicare recipients at a national and state level.Design, setting, and participantsCross-sectional study of procedure and beneficiary data from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2016, and available health care provider data from 2015 obtained from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services for all diagnostic nasal endoscopies categorized as Current Procedural Terminology code 31231.ExposuresDiagnostic nasal endoscopy.Main outcomes and measuresNasal endoscopies were analyzed by state, medical or surgical specialty, mean reimbursement, health care provider density, and type of health care practitioner performing the procedure.ResultsThe Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services reimbursed $86.3 million for 559 547 nasal endoscopies in 2016. The total number of nasal endoscopies increased 313%, from 135 494 in 2000 to 559 547 in 2016 (9.3% average annual rate of increase). The mean reimbursement rate per nasal endoscopy varied by state, from $114.25 in Puerto Rico to $189.53 in New York. The percentage of Medicare beneficiaries receiving nasal endoscopy per state ranged from 0.1% in Alaska to 1.7% in New York. Almost all nasal endoscopies were performed by physicians (97.3%), with otolaryngologists (97.2%) being the most common specialty. Reimbursement rates (r = 0.60) and density of health care providers (r = -0.56) were correlated with higher utilization in a state's Medicare population.Conclusions and relevanceUtilization of nasal endoscopy by otolaryngologists in the Medicare population appears to have increased substantially over the past 2 decades. Practice patterns and reimbursement appeared to vary across the United States.
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Project description:BackgroundInequities in maternal health services utilization constitute a major challenge in maternal mortality reduction in Ethiopia. We sought to assess magnitude, trends, and determinants of inequities in maternal health services utilization in Ethiopia from 2000 to 2016.MethodsThe study utilized data from the 2000 and 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys, which were done based on a cross sectional survey design. The wealth-related inequities were assessed by concentration curve and horizontal inequity indices. Trends in inequities were assessed by comparing the concentration indices of maternal health services utilization variables between the 2000 and 2016 surveys using Wagstaff two groups concentration indices comparison method. Finally, the inequities were decomposed into its contributing factors using Wagstaff method of analysis.ResultsWealth-related inequities were significantly high in 2016: with horizontal inequities indices and residual regression error of antenatal care, skilled birth attendance, and postnatal care service utilization (- 0.09 and - 0.01), (- 0.06 and 0.01), and (- 0.11 and 0.0001), respectively. These indices increased significantly in 2016 when it is compared with the 2000 indices' with the respective concentration indices difference of - 0.05, 0.05, and - 0.07. The related all p-values were < 0.0001. The main determinants of inequities were low-economic status, illiteracy, rural residence, no occupation, and fewer accesses to mass media.ConclusionsIn Ethiopia, maternal health services utilization inequities were significantly high and increased in 2016 compared to 2000. Women who are poor, rural resident, uneducated, unemployed, and fewer mass media exposed are the most disadvantaged. Targeting maternal health interventions for the underserved women is essential to reduce maternal mortality in the country.
| S-EPMC6031117 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Study designSystematic review.Objectives(1) What are the surgical indications? Have they changed over time since the year 2000? (2) What is the current surgical approaches of choice? Have they changed over time since the year 2000? Do they vary by geographical region? (3) What are the most common outcome measures following surgery?MethodsElectronic databases and reference lists of key articles were searched from database inception from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2016 to identify studies specifically evaluating surgical indications, current surgical approaches, and outcome measures for spinal tuberculosis.ResultsSix randomized controlled trials were identified from our search (1 excluded: no surgical arm identified after review) Neurological deficit, instability and deformity were common indications identified. Surgical approach included predominantly anterior for cervical spine and posterior for thoracic and lumbar spine. Combined approach was preferred in pediatric cases. Degree of deformity correction, neurological outcomes, and fusion formed the main bases of assessing surgical outcomes.ConclusionsMajority of the current literature is from South Asia. The presence of neurological compromise, deformity, and instability were the primary criteria for surgical intervention. The preferred approach varied with the anatomical region of the spine in adults. Outcome measures predominantly involved deformity correction, neurological deficit, and fusion.
| S-EPMC5722002 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundTraditional Chinese Medicine Formula (TCMF) study has been recognized widely by medical scientists around the world. However, few researchers have analyzed and summarized the rapid growth of academic articles of TCMF published in English. The primary aim of this work was to assess the outcome of these research outputs in the TCMF field from 2000 to 2016 and to evaluate the situation and tendency.MethodsResearch datasets were acquired from the Web of Science database, which includes all academic articles published from 2000 to 2016; articles were tracked by the keywords "Traditional Chinese Medicine", "Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula", and "Chinese herb formula". Moreover, visualization software CiteSpace V was used to analyze and generate visualization knowledge maps.ResultsIn total, 26,917 articles appeared in the Web of Science database, and only 2,621 publications met requirement based on reading the abstract or full text. The annual publications total, list of journals, research interests, list of medicine names, disease types, and the top 20 cited articles were given in this research paper. In addition, we compared the research of Japan and Korea TCMF, in the appendix.ConclusionThis review demonstrates that increasingly more researchers have interest in the TCMF and TCMF has great significant advantages over other areas of focus. However, these publications were published rarely in top academic journals and most best-quality papers have bias toward medical analysis rather than pharmacology. To make a breakthrough in TCMF field, further investigation is required to place emphasis on the deepening study of the mechanism of related TCMF.
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