Dataset Information

Drink driving and speeding in Sao Paulo, Brazil: empirical cross-sectional study (2015-2018).

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

To evaluate the prevalence of drink driving and speeding during 2015-2018 in Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Design

Cross-sectional observational study.

Setting

Roads representing the five main regions of the city of Sao Paulo in Brazil, one of the world's largest urban areas.

Participants

Drivers (N=10?294) stopped at routine roadside breath testing checkpoints and those driving in selected roads for speeding measurement (N=414?664).

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Microwave radar guns were used to measure the speed of vehicles, while the prevalence of drivers under the influence of alcohol was observed in police checkpoints. Data were collected during three consecutive years (2016-2018) following a baseline study established in 2015 using a city-level representative sample of observational data representing all days of the week.

Results

Alcohol-related fatalities kept at a constantly high percentage, with 39% of road traffic deaths involving alcohol in 2016. Drivers testing above the legal breath alcohol concentration limit showed a decreasing trend, from 4.1% (95% CI 2.9% to 5.5%) at baseline to 0.6% (95% CI 0.2% to 1.2%) in the end of 2018 (p<0.001); however, more than half of drivers refused breath tests at checkpoints despite steep legal penalties. The prevalence of speeding among all vehicles decreased from 8.1% (95% CI 7.9% to 8.2%) to 4.9% (95% CI 4.7% to 5.1%) by the end of 2016 (p<0.001), but then increased again to 13.5% (95% CI 13.2% to 13.9%) at the end of the study period (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Drink driving rates have reduced, likely due to an increase in drivers refusing breath alcohol tests, while speeding rates have increased significantly by the end of the study period, particularly among motorcycles. Future strategies aiming at reducing road traffic injuries in the major Brazilian city should tailor drink driving and speeding enforcement based on the new evidence provided here.

SUBMITTER: Andreuccetti G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6707656 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Drink driving and speeding in Sao Paulo, Brazil: empirical cross-sectional study (2015-2018).

Andreuccetti Gabriel G Leyton Vilma V Carvalho Heráclito Barbosa HB Sinagawa Daniele M DM Bombana Henrique S HS Ponce Julio C JC Allen Katharine A KA Vecino-Ortiz Andres I AI Hyder Adnan A AA

BMJ open 20190821 8

<h4>Objectives</h4>To evaluate the prevalence of drink driving and speeding during 2015-2018 in Sao Paulo, Brazil.<h4>Design</h4>Cross-sectional observational study.<h4>Setting</h4>Roads representing the five main regions of the city of Sao Paulo in Brazil, one of the world's largest urban areas.<h4>Participants</h4>Drivers (N=10 294) stopped at routine roadside breath testing checkpoints and those driving in selected roads for speeding measurement (N=414 664).<h4>Primary and secondary outcome m ...[more]

PMID: 31439608

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Project description:To estimate the prevalence of one month psychotropic drug use in São Paulo, Brazil, and to assess the gap treatment between the presence of mental disorders and psychotropic drug users.A probabilistic sample of non-institutionalized individuals from the general population of São Paulo (n = 2336; turnout: 84.5%) who were 15 years or older were interviewed by a trained research staff, applying the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 2.1 (CIDI WHO) (depression, anxiety-phobia, OCD\PTSD, alcoholism sections), and an inventory investigating psychotropic drug use during the 12-month and one-month periods immediately preceding the interview. Logistic models were fitted to investigate associations between psychotropic drug use as well as socio-demographic and clinical variables.The one month prevalence of psychotropic drug use in São Paulo was 5.89%, the most commonly used drugs were antidepressants (3.15%) and tranquilizers (2.67%). A higher consumption of psychotropic drugs (overall, antidepressants and tranquilizers) was observed among women (OR:2.42), older individuals (OR:1.04), individuals with higher levels of formal education (1.06), and individuals with a family (OR:2.29) or personal history of mental illness (OR:3.27). The main psychotropic drug prescribers were psychiatrists (41%), followed by general practitioners (30%); 60% of psychotropic drugs were obtained through a government-run dispensing program. Most individuals who obtained a positive diagnosis on the CIDI 2.1 during the previous month were not using psychotropic medication (85%). Among individuals with a diagnosis of moderate to severe depression, 67.5% were not on any pharmacological treatment.There is a change in the type of psychotropic more often used in São Paulo, from benzodiazepines to antidepressants, this event is observed in different cultures. The prevalence of use is similar to other developing countries. Most of the patients presenting a psychiatric illness in the month prior to testing were not receiving any sort of psychiatric medication. This may be explained by a failure to identify cases in primary care, which could be improved (and access to treatment could be facilitated) if professionals received more specialized training in managing cases with mental health problems.

Dataset Information

Drink driving and speeding in Sao Paulo, Brazil: empirical cross-sectional study (2015-2018).

Objectives

Design

Setting

Participants

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Drink driving and speeding in Sao Paulo, Brazil: empirical cross-sectional study (2015-2018).

Similar Datasets

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