Altering the availability or proximity of food, alcohol, and tobacco products to change their selection and consumption.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Hollands GJ
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6710643 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Altering the availability or proximity of food, alcohol, and tobacco products to change their selection and consumption.
Hollands Gareth J GJ Carter Patrice P Anwer Sumayya S King Sarah E SE Jebb Susan A SA Ogilvie David D Shemilt Ian I Higgins Julian P T JPT Marteau Theresa M TM
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 20190827
<h4>Background</h4>Overconsumption of food, alcohol, and tobacco products increases the risk of non-communicable diseases. Interventions to change characteristics of physical micro-environments where people may select or consume these products - including shops, restaurants, workplaces, and schools - are of considerable public health policy and research interest. This review addresses two types of intervention within such environments: altering the availability (the range and/or amount of option ...[more]
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Project description:BackgroundReducing harmful consumption of food, alcohol, and tobacco products would prevent many cancers, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Placing information-based cues in the environments in which we select and consume these products has the potential to contribute to changing these behaviours.MethodsIn this review, information-based cues are defined as those which comprise any combination of words, symbols, numbers or pictures that convey information about a product or its use. We specifically exclude cues which are located on the products themselves. We conducted a systematic review of randomised, cluster- randomised, and non-randomised controlled trials to assess the impact of such cues on selection and consumption. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 12 targeted food (most commonly fruit and vegetables), one targeted alcohol sales, and none targeted tobacco products.ResultsTen studies reported statistically significant effects on some or all of the targeted products, although studies were insufficiently homogenous to justify meta-analysis. Existing evidence suggests information-based cues can influence selection and consumption of food and alcohol products, although significant uncertainty remains.ConclusionsThe current evidence base is limited both in quality and quantity, with relatively few, heterogeneous studies at unclear or high risk of bias. Additional, more rigorously conducted studies are warranted to better estimate the potential for these interventions to change selection and consumption of food, alcohol and tobacco products.Trial registrationPROSPERO. 2016; CRD42016051884 .
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Project description:Health warning labels (HWLs) could reduce harmful consumption of food (including non-alcoholic drinks) and alcoholic drinks. A systematic review with meta-analysis using Cochrane methods was conducted to assess the impact on selection (including hypothetical selection) or consumption of food or alcoholic drink products displaying image-and-text (sometimes termed 'pictorial') and text-only HWLs. Fourteen randomised controlled trials were included, three for alcohol, eleven for food. For the primary outcomes, eleven studies measured selection and one measured consumption (two measured only other secondary outcomes). Meta-analysis of twelve comparisons from nine studies (n=12,635) found HWLs reduced selection of the targeted product compared with no HWL (RR=0.74 (95%CI 0.68-0.80)), with participants 26% less likely to choose a product displaying a HWL. A planned subgroup analysis suggested a larger (although not statistically significant) effect on selection of image-and-text HWLs (RR=0.65 (95%CI 0.54-0.80)) than text-only HWLs (RR=0.79 (95%CI 0.74-0.85)). These findings suggest significant potential for HWLs to reduce selection of food and alcoholic drinks, but all experimental studies to date were conducted in laboratory or online settings with outcomes assessed immediately after a single exposure. Studies in field and naturalistic laboratory settings are needed to estimate the potential effects of food and alcohol HWLs.Study registration: PROSPERO 2018 (registration number: CRD42018106522).
| S-EPMC8635708 | biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC8194387 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIncreasing the availability of healthier or plant-based foods increases their selection. The current studies aimed to examine the extent to which relative preferences account for food selections following availability interventions. In particular, (a) whether increasing the availability of lower-energy options increases the likelihood that individuals' highest-ranked option is lower-energy, and (b) the extent to which selections reflect individuals' highest-ranked option from the available range.MethodsUK adults (Study 1: n = 1976; Study 2: n = 1078) took part in within-subjects online studies. In both studies, the order of preference between food options was established by participants choosing the option that they would prefer "to eat right now" from every possible pairing within a pool of eight options. Then, participants were shown either predominantly higher-energy options (three higher- and one lower-energy) or predominantly lower-energy options (vice versa), presented in a random order.ResultsWhen predominantly lower-energy options were presented, the odds of the highest-ranked option being a lower-energy option increased ten-fold (Study 1: odds ratio: 10.1; 95%CI: 8.9,11.4; Study 2: odds ratio: 10.4; 95%CI: 7.4,14.7), compared to when predominantly higher-energy options were available. In both studies, around 90% of selections reflected the highest-ranked option in the range offered in the studied availability conditions (range 88-92%).ConclusionsThese studies suggest that increased availability of lower-energy options increases the likelihood of an individual's highest-ranked option being lower-energy, and that the highest-ranked option has the greatest likelihood of selection. As such, preferences may be a key contributor to the effects of altering availability on food selections.Trial registrationISRCTN ( http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN27598623 ; 3/12/19 [Study 1]; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN61010183 ; 20/4/20 [Study 2]).
| S-EPMC9063226 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Availability of alcohol has been associated with alcohol consumption in cross-sectional studies. We examined longitudinally whether change in proximity to off-premise (i.e., no consumption on the premises) beer and liquor outlets is associated with heavy alcohol consumption.Distances from 54,778 Finnish Public Sector study participants' homes to the nearest off-premise beer and liquor outlets were calculated using Global Positioning System-coordinates. Between-individual analyses were used to study the effects of distance to the nearest outlet on heavy alcohol use, and within-individual analyses to study the effects of a change in distance on change in heavy use.Mean follow-up time in 2000-2009 was 6.8 (standard deviation 2.0) years. In a between-individual analysis, decrease from ?500 m to <500 m (vs. remained ?500 m) in the distance to the nearest beer outlet increased the likelihood of incident heavy alcohol use in women (odds ratio 1.23, 95% CI 1.05-1.44), but not in men. In a within-individual analysis decrease from 500 m to 0m in log-transformed continuous distance to the nearest beer outlet increased the odds of heavy alcohol consumption in women by 13% (odds ratio 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.27). For the corresponding change in distance to liquor outlet the increase was 3% (odds ratio 1.03, 95% CI 0.97-1.09).Change in distance from home to the nearest off-premise alcohol outlet affects the risk of heavy alcohol consumption in women. This evidence supports policies that restrict physical availability of alcohol.
| S-EPMC3709004 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Altering the availability of products (e.g. food, alcohol or tobacco products) is one potential intervention to change behaviours to help reduce preventable premature deaths worldwide. However, research on these interventions lacks consistent conceptualisation, hindering clear reporting and cumulative synthesis. This paper proposes a conceptual framework - categorising intervention types and summarising constituent components - with which interventions can be reliably described and evidence synthesised. Three principal distinctions are proposed: interventions altering: (i) Absolute Availability (changing the overall number of options, while keeping the proportions comprised by any subsets of options constant); (ii) Relative Availability (changing the proportion comprised by a subset of options, yet keeping the overall number of options constant); (iii) Absolute and Relative Availability (changing both the overall number of options and the proportions comprised by subsets of options). These are subdivided into those targeting (a) a product or (b) a category of products. Mechanisms that might underlie each of these intervention types are discussed, and implications for future research highlighted. The proposed framework aims to facilitate study of a set of interventions that could contribute significantly to healthier behaviour across populations.
| S-EPMC7322874 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe association between tobacco use and hypertension risk has been extensively researched but remains controversial, and few existing studies have considered the role of tobacco type and dosage response in this association. In this context, this study aims to provide epidemiological evidence for the possible relationship between tobacco smoking and future hypertension risk, with the tobacco type and consumption dose into consideration.MethodsThis study was based on 10-year follow-up data from the Guizhou Population Health Cohort conducted in southwest China. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals [95% confidence intervals (CIs)], and restricted cubic spline analyses were performed to visualize the dose-response association.ResultsA total of 5,625 participants (2,563 males and 3,062 females) were included in the final analysis. Heavy smokers of machine-rolled cigarettes had an elevated hypertension risk compared with non-smokers (HR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.05-2.16). The interaction effects of heavy smoking-heavy drinking patterns increased the future hypertension risk, with an adjusted HR of 2.58 (95% CI: 1.06-6.33).ConclusionThis study did not find a significant association between overall tobacco use status and the risk of hypertension. However, heavy machine-rolled cigarette smokers had a statistically significant increased risk of hypertension compared with non-smokers, and a J-shape association has been found between the average daily consumption of machine-rolled cigarettes and the risk of hypertension. Besides, tobacco and alcohol consumption jointly increased the long-term hypertension risk.
| S-EPMC9947503 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Food consumption is critical for animal survival and reproduction. The biomedical and economic consequences of metabolic diseases arising from excessive food intake, however, are a burden for human society. While the role of neuroendocrine feedback loops, food sensing modalities, and physiological state in regulating food intake are increasingly well understood, other genetic mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we applied ten generations of artificial selection for high and low food consumption in replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster. The phenotypic response to selection was highly asymmetric, with efficient selection and an average realized heritability of 0.15 in the lines selected for high food consumption. To further nominate candidate genes contributing to response to selection for feeding behavior, we evaluated differences in genome wide gene expression between the selection lines using whole-fly RNA sequencing. We identified 1,631 differentially expressed genes in the analysis pooled across sexes, and 1,267 (2,321) differentially expressed genes in females (males).
2016-12-07 | GSE71966 | GEO
Project description:There is growing evidence for the effectiveness of choice architecture or 'nudge' interventions to change a range of behaviours including the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and food. Public acceptability is key to implementing these and other interventions. However, few studies have assessed public acceptability of these interventions, including the extent to which acceptability varies with the type of intervention, the target behaviour and with evidence of intervention effectiveness. These were assessed in an online study using a between-participants full factorial design with three factors: Policy (availability vs size vs labelling vs tax) x Behaviour (alcohol consumption vs tobacco use vs high-calorie snack food consumption) x Evidence communication (no message vs assertion of policy effectiveness vs assertion and quantification of policy effectiveness [e.g., a 10% change in behaviour]). Participants (N = 7058) were randomly allocated to one of the 36 groups. The primary outcome was acceptability of the policy. Acceptability differed across policy, behaviour and evidence communication (all ps < .001). Labelling was the most acceptable policy (supported by 78%) and Availability the least (47%). Tobacco use was the most acceptable behaviour to be targeted by policies (73%) compared with policies targeting Alcohol (55%) and Food (54%). Relative to the control group (60%), asserting evidence of effectiveness increased acceptability (63%); adding a quantification to this assertion did not significantly increase this further (65%). Public acceptability for nudges and taxes to improve population health varies with the behaviour targeted and the type of intervention but is generally favourable. Communicating that these policies are effective can increase support by a small but significant amount, suggesting that highlighting effectiveness could contribute to mobilising public demand for policies. While uncertainty remains about the strength of public support needed, this may help overcome political inertia and enable action on behaviours that damage population and planetary health.
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