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Modified Lemaire Lateral Tenodesis Associated With an Intra-articular Reconstruction Technique With Bone-Tendon-Bone Graft Using an Adjustable Fixation Mechanism.

ABSTRACT: The goal of this study was to report a surgical technique used in a revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction case, consisting of an adaptation of the anterolateral iliotibial band tenodesis technique (modified Lemaire technique) combined with ACL reconstruction using an adjustable fixation mechanism. Rotational overload was one of the most likely hypotheses for failure of primary surgery, despite correct positioning and secure fixation. We performed a review of the most pertinent factors related to ACL reconstruction failure, as well as surgical strategies for its treatment. After this, we described, step by step, a combination of the 2 forms of surgical intervention that were already presented isolated with good clinical results, correcting the common anterior and rotational instabilities found in these cases. Knowing new techniques for intra- and extra-articular ligament reconstruction is imperative in the present day, when more patients are seeking a full return to their preinjury recreational, labor, and sports activities. We believe that the combination of these surgical techniques is able to achieve these goals effectively and reproducibly.

SUBMITTER: Pavao DM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6713996 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:The basic biology of healing between a tendon graft and bone tunnel remains incompletely understood. Distinct variability in the morphological characteristics of the healing tendon-bone attachment site has been reported. We hypothesized that spatial and temporal differences in tendon-to-bone healing exist at different regions of a surgically created bone tunnel. Twenty-four male, Sprague-Dawley rats underwent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in the left knee using a flexor digitorum longus tendon graft secured using suspensory periosteal fixation. Animals were sacrificed at 4, 7, 11, 14, 21, and 28 days after surgery and prepared for routine histology and immunohistochemical analysis of the healing enthesis at the intra-articular aperture (IAA), mid-tunnel, and extra-articular aperture (EAA). Six animals were used to measure mineral apposition rate (MAR) along the healing bone tunnel by double fluorochrome labeling at 14 and 28 days after surgery. The total area of calcified bone matrix was assessed with von Kossa staining and Goldner-Masson trichrome staining, respectively. The healing tendon-bone interface tissue exhibited a wide chondroid matrix at the IAA, in contrast to a narrow, fibrous matrix at the EAA. There were significantly more osteoclasts at the IAA compared to EAA throughout the study period, except 4 days after surgery (p < 0.05). Collagen continuity between the tendon graft and bone tunnel increased over time, with a more parallel orientation and increased collagen fiber continuity between tendon and bone at the EAA compared to the IAA. MAR was also significantly greater at the EAA at 4 weeks (p < 0.001). Significant differences in healing between the tendon graft and bone exist along the length of bone tunnel secured with suspensory fixation. The etiology of these differences is likely multifactorial in nature, including variable biological and biomechanical environments at different ends of the tunnel. Understanding these differences may ultimately allow surgeons to improve the quality of graft fixation and long-term outcomes after ACL reconstruction.

Project description:Tibial anterolateral rotary instability associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears is a well-documented and difficult problem with a long history of solutions. The lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) has undergone multiple refinements in technique, largely focusing on the femoral site insertion using either an interference screw versus a staple for adequate fixation. In this article, we present an improved technique using a suture anchor as an alternative to a staple or an interference screw with secure fixation to insert the LET graft onto the femur. This technique diminishes the chance of ACL tunnel–LET drilling convergence, minimizes the footprint required for adequate graft fixation, and allows the surgeon to dial in the correct tension necessary for adequate augmentation of an ACL reconstruction. Technique Video Video 1 Onlay technique of lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET). The lateral aspect of a right knee is shown, with the patient positioned supine. The surgeon performs an approach to the iliotibial band, removing all subcutaneous tissue for adequate exposure starting approximately at the Gerdy tubercle and extending proximally about 8 cm. A distally based strip of the iliotibial band is harvested, approximately 1 cm in width, by use of separate incisions. A double-loaded 2.3-mm Iconix all-suture suture anchor is used for LET graft insertion. The graft is whipstitched with an arm of the suture anchor that is first passed underneath the lateral collateral ligament, followed by a simple suture pass through the graft by the other end of the same arm of the suture attached to the suture anchor. The fixation with 1 arm of the double-loaded Iconix suture anchor was enough to secure the graft appropriately, and the other suture within the double-loaded 2.3-mm Iconix suture anchor was removed prior to definitive fixation of the LET graft. Once the LET graft was appropriately stitched, the graft was passed underneath the lateral collateral ligament again, from distal to proximal, and then secured to the Iconix suture anchor.

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Modified Lemaire Lateral Tenodesis Associated With an Intra-articular Reconstruction Technique With Bone-Tendon-Bone Graft Using an Adjustable Fixation Mechanism.

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