Dataset Information

Delay Discounting as a Transdiagnostic Process in Psychiatric Disorders: A Meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT: Importance:Delay discounting is a behavioral economic index of impulsive preferences for smaller-immediate or larger-delayed rewards that is argued to be a transdiagnostic process across health conditions. Studies suggest some psychiatric disorders are associated with differences in discounting compared with controls, but null findings have also been reported. Objective:To conduct a meta-analysis of the published literature on delay discounting in people with psychiatric disorders. Data Sources:PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched through December 10, 2018. The psychiatric keywords used were based on DSM-IV or DSM-5 diagnostic categories. Collected data were analyzed from December 10, 2018, through June 1, 2019. Study Selection:Following a preregistered Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol, 2 independent raters reviewed titles, abstracts, and full-text articles. English-language articles comparing monetary delay discounting between participants with psychiatric disorders and controls were included. Data Extraction and Synthesis:Hedges g effect sizes were computed and random-effects models were used for all analyses. Heterogeneity statistics, one-study-removed analyses, and publication bias indices were also examined. Main Outcomes and Measures:Categorical comparisons of delay discounting between a psychiatric group and a control group. Results:The sample included 57 effect sizes from 43 studies across 8 diagnostic categories. Significantly steeper discounting for individuals with a psychiatric disorder compared with controls was observed for major depressive disorder (Hedges g?=?0.37; P?=?.002; k?=?7), schizophrenia (Hedges g?=?0.46; P?=?.004; k?=?12), borderline personality disorder (Hedges g?=?0.60; P?

SUBMITTER: Amlung M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6714026 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Delay Discounting as a Transdiagnostic Process in Psychiatric Disorders: A Meta-analysis.

Amlung Michael M Marsden Emma E Holshausen Katherine K Morris Vanessa V Patel Herry H Vedelago Lana L Naish Katherine R KR Reed Derek D DD McCabe Randi E RE

JAMA psychiatry 20191101 11

<h4>Importance</h4>Delay discounting is a behavioral economic index of impulsive preferences for smaller-immediate or larger-delayed rewards that is argued to be a transdiagnostic process across health conditions. Studies suggest some psychiatric disorders are associated with differences in discounting compared with controls, but null findings have also been reported.<h4>Objective</h4>To conduct a meta-analysis of the published literature on delay discounting in people with psychiatric disorders ...[more]

PMID: 31461131

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Project description:Steep delay discounting, or a greater preference for smaller-immediate rewards over larger-delayed rewards, is a common phenomenon across a range of substance use and psychiatric disorders. Non-substance behavioral addictions (e.g., gambling disorder, internet gaming disorder, food addiction) are of increasing interest in delay discounting research. Individual studies have reported steeper discounting in people exhibiting various behavioral addictions compared to controls or significant correlations between discounting and behavioral addiction scales; however, not all studies have found significant effects. To synthesize the published research in this area and identify priorities for future research, we conducted a pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis (following PRISMA guidelines) of delay discounting studies across a range of behavioral addiction categories. The final sample included 78 studies, yielding 87 effect sizes for the meta-analysis. For studies with categorical designs, we found statistically significant, medium-to-large effect sizes for gambling disorder (Cohen's d = 0.82) and IGD (d = 0.89), although the IGD effect size was disproportionately influenced by a single study (adjusted d = 0.53 after removal). Categorical internet/smartphone studies were non-significant (d = 0.16, p = 0.06). Aggregate correlations in dimensional studies were statistically significant, but generally small magnitude for gambling (r = 0.22), internet/smartphone (r = 0.13) and food addiction (r = 0.12). Heterogeneity statistics suggested substantial variability across studies, and publication bias indices indicated moderate impact of unpublished or small sample studies. These findings generally suggest that some behavioral addictions are associated with steeper discounting, with the most robust evidence for gambling disorder. Importantly, this review also highlighted several categories with notably smaller effect sizes or categories with too few studies to be included (e.g., compulsive buying, exercise addiction). Further research on delay discounting in behavioral addictions is warranted, particularly for categories with relatively few studies.

Dataset Information

Delay Discounting as a Transdiagnostic Process in Psychiatric Disorders: A Meta-analysis.

Publications

Delay Discounting as a Transdiagnostic Process in Psychiatric Disorders: A Meta-analysis.

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