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Perspectives of Individuals With Serious Mental Illness on a Reverse-Colocated Care Model: A Qualitative Study.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:Individuals with serious mental illness experience excess mortality related to general medical comorbidities. Reverse-integrated and reverse-colocated models of care have been proposed as a system-level solution. Such models integrate primary care services within behavioral health settings. Further understanding of consumer perspectives on these models is needed to ensure that models adequately engage consumers on the basis of their expressed needs. This qualitative study examined the perspectives of English- and Spanish-speaking individuals with serious mental illness on their current experience with the management of their medical care and on a hypothetical reverse-colocated care model. METHODS:Semistructured interviews were conducted in a purposive sample of 30 individuals with serious mental illness recruited from two outpatient mental health clinics affiliated with a comprehensive community-based program. The interview assessed the participant's current experience with the management of their health care, followed by a vignette describing a reverse--colocated care model and questions to elicit the participant's reaction to the vignette. An inductive thematic analysis was employed. RESULTS:Consumers expressed positive views of the potential for working with trusted staff, increased communication, and access to care through reverse colocation. Reflections on current health management experience were notable for an emphasis on self-efficacy and receipt of support for self-management strategies from mental health clinicians. CONCLUSIONS:Study findings add to prior literature indicating support for assistance with management of general medical health in the mental health setting among individuals with serious mental illness. Key themes similar to those in previous studies generate hypotheses for further evaluation.

SUBMITTER: Talley RM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6718316 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Perspectives of Individuals With Serious Mental Illness on a Reverse-Colocated Care Model: A Qualitative Study.

Talley Rachel M RM Rolin Stephanie A SA Trejo Barbara N BN Goldman Matthew L ML Alves-Bradford Jean-Marie E JE Dixon Lisa B LB

Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) 20190521 9

<h4>Objective</h4>Individuals with serious mental illness experience excess mortality related to general medical comorbidities. Reverse-integrated and reverse-colocated models of care have been proposed as a system-level solution. Such models integrate primary care services within behavioral health settings. Further understanding of consumer perspectives on these models is needed to ensure that models adequately engage consumers on the basis of their expressed needs. This qualitative study exami ...[more]

PMID: 31109264

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Project description:BackgroundPersons with severe, persistent mental illness (SPMI) are at high risk for poor health and premature mortality. Integrating primary care in a mental health center may improve health outcomes in a population with SPMI in a socioeconomically distressed region of the USA.ObjectiveTo examine the effects of reverse colocated integrated care on persons with SPMI and co-morbid chronic disease receiving behavioral health services at a local mental health authority located at the US-Mexico border.DesignRandomized trial evaluating the effect of a reverse colocated integrated care intervention among chronically ill adults.ParticipantsParticipants were recruited at a clinic between November 24, 2015, and June 30, 2016.InterventionsReceipt of at least two visits with a primary care provider and at least one visit with a chronic care nurse or dietician, compared with usual care (behavioral health only).Main measuresThe primary outcome was blood pressure. Secondary outcomes included HbA1c, BMI, total cholesterol, and depressive symptoms. Sociodemographic data were collected at baseline, and outcomes were measured at baseline and 6- and 12-month follow-ups.Key resultsA total of 416 participants were randomized to the intervention (n = 249) or usual care (n = 167). Groups were well balanced on almost all baseline characteristics. At 12 months, intent-to-treat analysis showed intervention participants improved their systolic blood pressure (β = - 3.86, p = 0.04) and HbA1c (β = - 0.36, p = 0.001) compared with usual care participants when controlling for age, sex, and other baseline characteristics. No participants withdrew from the study due to adverse effects. Per-protocol analyses yielded similar results to intent-to-treat analyses and found a significantly protective effect on diastolic blood pressure. Older and diabetic populations differentially benefited from this intervention.ConclusionsColocation and integration of behavioral health and primary care improved blood pressure and HbA1c after 1-year follow-up for persons with SPMI and co-morbid chronic disease in a US-Mexico border community.Trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov , Identifier: NCT03881657.

Project description:ImportanceDiscussions about goals of care with patients who are seriously ill typically occur infrequently and late in the illness trajectory, are of low quality, and focus narrowly on the patient's resuscitation preferences (ie, code status), risking provision of care that is inconsistent with patients' values. The Serious Illness Care Program (SICP) is a multifaceted communication intervention that builds capacity for clinicians to have earlier, more frequent, and more person-centered conversations.ObjectiveTo explore clinicians' experiences with the SICP 1 year after implementation.Design, setting, and participantsThis qualitative study was conducted at 2 tertiary care hospitals in Canada. The SICP was implemented at Hamilton General Hospital (Hamilton, Ontario) from March 1, 2017, to January 19, 2018, and at Foothills Medical Centre (Calgary, Alberta) from March 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020. A total of 45 clinicians were invited to participate in the study, and 23 clinicians (51.1%) were enrolled and interviewed. Semistructured interviews of clinicians were conducted between August 2018 and May 2019. Content analysis was used to evaluate information obtained from these interviews between May 2019 and May 2020.ExposuresThe SICP includes clinician training, communication tools, and processes for system change.Main outcomes and measuresClinicians' experiences with and perceptions of the SICP.ResultsAmong 23 clinicians interviewed, 15 (65.2%) were women. The mean (SD) number of years in practice was 14.6 (9.1) at the Hamilton site and 12.0 (6.9) at the Calgary site. Participants included 19 general internists, 3 nurse practitioners, and 1 social worker. The 3 main themes were the ways in which the SICP (1) supported changes in clinician behavior, (2) shifted the focus of goals-of-care conversations beyond discussion of code status, and (3) influenced clinicians personally and professionally. Changes in clinician behavior were supported by having a unit champion, interprofessional engagement, access to copies of the Serious Illness Conversation Guide, and documentation in the electronic medical record. Elements of the program, especially the Serious Illness Conversation Guide, shifted the focus of goals-of-care conversations beyond discussion of code status and influenced clinicians on personal and professional levels. Concerns with the program included finding time to have conversations, building transient relationships, and limiting conversation fluidity.Conclusions and relevanceIn this qualitative study, hospital clinicians described components of the SICP as supporting changes in their behavior and facilitating meaningful patient interactions that shifted the focus of goals-of-care conversations beyond discussion of code status. The perceived benefits of SICP implementation stimulated uptake within the medical units. These findings suggest that the SICP may prompt hospital culture changes in goals-of-care dialogue with patients and the care of hospitalized patients with serious illness.

Project description:BackgroundExperiences of homelessness and serious mental illness (SMI) negatively impact health and receipt of healthcare. Interventions that promote the use of primary care services for people with both SMI and homelessness may improve health outcomes, but this literature has not been evaluated systematically. This evidence map examines the breadth of literature to describe what intervention strategies have been studied for this population, elements of primary care integration with other services used, and the level of intervention complexity to highlight gaps for future intervention research and program development.MethodsWe followed an a priori protocol developed in collaboration with clinical stakeholders. We systematically searched the published literature to identify interventions for adults with homelessness who also had SMI. We excluded case reports, editorials, letters, and conference abstracts. Data abstraction methods followed standard practice. Data were categorized into intervention strategies and primary care integration strategies. Then we applied the Complexity Assessment Tool for Systematic Reviews (iCAT_SR) to characterize intervention complexity.ResultsTwenty-two articles met our inclusion criteria evaluating 15 unique interventions to promote engagement in primary care for adults with experiences of homelessness and SMI. Study designs varied widely from randomized controlled trials and cohort studies to single-site program evaluations. Intervention strategies varied across studies but primarily targeted patients directly (e.g., health education, evidence-based interactions such as motivational interviewing) with fewer strategies employed at the clinic (e.g., employee training, multidisciplinary teams) or system levels (e.g., data sharing). We identified elements of primary care integration, including referral strategies, co-location, and interdisciplinary care planning. Interventions displayed notable complexity around the number of intervention components, interaction between intervention components, and extent to which interventions were tailored to specific patient populations.DiscussionWe identified and categorized elements used in various combinations to address the primary care needs of individuals with experiences of homeless and SMI.

Project description:IntroductionPeople with serious mental illness (SMI) have poor health outcomes, in part because of inequitable access to quality health services. Primary care is well suited to coordinate and manage care for this population; however, providers may feel ill-equipped to do so and patients may not have the support and resources required to coordinate their care. We lack a strong understanding of prevention and management of chronic disease in primary care among people with SMI as well as the context-specific barriers that exist at the patient, provider and system levels. This mixed methods study will answer three research questions: (1) How do primary care services received by people living with SMI differ from those received by the general population? (2) What are the experiences of people with SMI in accessing and receiving chronic disease prevention and management in primary care? (3) What are the experiences of primary care providers in caring for individuals with SMI?Methods and analysisWe will conduct a concurrent mixed methods study in Ontario and British Columbia, Canada, including quantitative analyses of linked administrative data and in-depth qualitative interviews with people living with SMI and primary care providers. By comparing across two provinces, each with varying degrees of mental health service investment and different primary care models, results will shed light on individual and system-level factors that facilitate or impede quality preventive and chronic disease care for people with SMI in the primary care setting.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the University of Ottawa Research Ethics Board and partner institutions. An integrated knowledge translation approach brings together researchers, providers, policymakers, decision-makers, patient and caregiver partners and knowledge users. Working with this team, we will develop policy-relevant recommendations for improvements to primary care systems that will better support providers and reduce health inequities.

Dataset Information

Perspectives of Individuals With Serious Mental Illness on a Reverse-Colocated Care Model: A Qualitative Study.

Publications

Perspectives of Individuals With Serious Mental Illness on a Reverse-Colocated Care Model: A Qualitative Study.

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