Dataset Information

Event-Related Potential Evidence of Implicit Metric Structure during Silent Reading.

ABSTRACT: Under the Implicit Prosody Hypothesis, readers generate prosodic structures during silent reading that can direct their real-time interpretations of the text. In the current study, we investigated the processing of implicit meter by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) while participants read a series of 160 rhyming couplets, where the rhyme target was always a stress-alternating noun-verb homograph (e.g., permit, which is pronounced PERmit as a noun and perMIT as a verb). The target had a strong-weak or weak-strong stress pattern, which was either consistent or inconsistent with the stress expectation generated by the couplet. Inconsistent strong-weak targets elicited negativities between 80-155 ms and 325-375 ms relative to consistent strong-weak targets; inconsistent weak-strong targets elicited a positivity between 365-435 ms relative to consistent weak-strong targets. These results are largely consistent with effects of metric violations during listening, demonstrating that implicit prosodic representations are similar to explicit prosodic representations.

SUBMITTER: Breen M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6721353 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Event-Related Potential Evidence of Implicit Metric Structure during Silent Reading.

Breen Mara M Fitzroy Ahren B AB Oraa Ali Michelle M

Brain sciences 20190808 8

Under the Implicit Prosody Hypothesis, readers generate prosodic structures during silent reading that can direct their real-time interpretations of the text. In the current study, we investigated the processing of implicit meter by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) while participants read a series of 160 rhyming couplets, where the rhyme target was always a stress-alternating noun-verb homograph (e.g., permit, which is pronounced PERmit as a noun and perMIT as a verb). The target had a ...[more]

PMID: 31398845

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Project description:Self-referential emotion refers to the process of evaluating emotional stimuli with respect to the self. Processes indicative of a self-positivity bias are reflected in electroencephalogram (EEG) signals at ~400 ms when the task does not require a discrimination of self from other. However, when distinguishing between self-referential and other-referential emotions is required, previous studies have shown inconsistent temporal dynamics of EEG signals in slightly different tasks. Based on the observation of early self-other discrimination, we hypothesized that self would be rapidly activated in the early stage to modulate emotional processing in the late stage during an implicit self-referential emotion. To test this hypothesis, we employed an implicit task in which participants were asked to judge the order of Chinese characters of trait adjectives preceded by a self ("I") or other pronoun ("He" or "She"). This study aimed to explore the difference of social-related emotional evaluation from self-reference; the other pronoun was not defined to a specific person, rather it referred to the general concept. Sixteen healthy Chinese subjects participated in the experiment. Event-related potentials (ERPs) showed that there were self-other discrimination effects in the N1 (80-110 ms) and P1 (170-200 ms) components in the anterior brain. The emotional valence was discriminated in the later component of N2 (220-250 ms). The interaction between self-reference and emotional valence occurred during the late positive potential (LPP; 400-500 ms). Moreover, there was a positive correlation between response time (RT) and N1 in the self-reference condition based on the positive-negative contrast, suggesting a modulatory effect of the self-positivity bias. The results indicate that self-reference emerges earlier than emotion and then combines with emotional processing in an implicit task. The findings extend the view that the self plays a highly integrated and modulated role in self-referential emotion processing.

Project description:Background The significance of implicit self-schema and other-schema in major depressive disorder (MDD) is highlighted by both cognitive theory and attachment theory. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) characteristics of implicit schemas in MDD patients. Methods The current study recruited 40 patients with MDD and 33 healthy controls (HCs). The participants were screened for mental disorders using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale-14 were employed to assess the clinical symptoms. Extrinsic Affective Simon Task (EAST) was conducted to measure the characteristics of implicit schemas. Meanwhile, reaction time and electroencephalogram data were recorded. Results Behavioral indexes showed that HCs responded faster to positive self and positive others than negative self (t = −3.304, p = 0.002, Cohen’s d = 0.575) and negative others (t = −3.155, p = 0.003, Cohen’s d = 0.549), respectively. However, MDD did not show this pattern (p > 0.05). The difference in other-EAST effect between HCs and MDD was significant (t = 2.937, p = 0.004, Cohen’s d = 0.691). The ERP indicators of self-schema showed that under the condition of positive self, the mean amplitude of LPP in MDD was significantly smaller than that in HCs (t = −2.180, p = 0.034, Cohen’s d = 0.902). The ERP indexes of other-schema showed that HCs had a larger absolute value of N200 peak amplitude for negative others (t = 2.950, p = 0.005, Cohen’s d = 0.584) and a larger P300 peak amplitude for positive others (t = 2.185, p = 0.033, Cohen’s d = 0.433). The above patterns were not shown in MDD (p > 0.05). The comparison between groups found that under the condition of negative others, the absolute value of N200 peak amplitude in HCs was larger than that in MDD (t = 2.833, p = 0.006, Cohen’s d = 1.404); under the condition of positive others, the P300 peak amplitude (t = −2.906, p = 0.005, Cohen’s d = 1.602) and LPP amplitude (t = −2.367, p = 0.022, Cohen’s d = 1.100) in MDD were smaller than that in HCs. Conclusion Patients with MDD lack positive self-schema and positive other-schema. Implicit other-schema might be related to abnormalities in both the early automatic processing stage and the late elaborate processing stage, while the implicit self-schema might be related only to the abnormality in the late elaborate processing stage.

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Event-Related Potential Evidence of Implicit Metric Structure during Silent Reading.

Publications

Event-Related Potential Evidence of Implicit Metric Structure during Silent Reading.

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