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Dose-dependent effect of caffeine supplementation on judo-specific performance and training activity: a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Caffeine (CAF) supplementation could have a positive impact on physical performance and sport abilities. Nevertheless, the CAF-induced, dose-dependent influence on discipline-specific performance and combat activity in combat sports have not been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of single ingestion of 3, 6, or 9?mg/kg body weight of CAF and placebo (PLA) on judo-specific performance and sparring combat activities. METHODS:In a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over design, acute pre-exercise supplementation with CAF (3, 6, or 9?mg/kg body weight) and placebo PLA in 22 male highly-trained judoists was examined. The study protocol involved five separate testing sessions using the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) with heart rate monitoring, three judo sparring combats and evaluation of the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) using the Borg scale. RESULTS:Six and 9?mg/kg CAF improved SJFT performance, while 9?mg/kg increased combat activity. Three mg/kg CAF lacked any apparent positive ergogenic effect. Among athletes, who include CAF-containing products in their habitual diet (consumers), only 9?mg/kg CAF effectively enhanced SJFT performance, while in those who do not consume CAF-containing products at regular basis (non-consumers), the enhancing effect was achieved even at 6?mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS:Regarding combat sports, higher (6-9?mg/kg) than currently recommended CAF dosages (3-6?mg/kg) are apparently more effective in terms of judo-specific performance. However, the ergogenic CAF effect is not only dose-dependent, but it is also related to customary CAF consumption. TRIAL REGISTRATION:Clinical Trials Gov, NCT03822663 . Registered 28 January 2019 - Retrospectively registered.

SUBMITTER: Durkalec-Michalski K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6727401 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dose-dependent effect of caffeine supplementation on judo-specific performance and training activity: a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial.

Durkalec-Michalski Krzysztof K Nowaczyk Paulina M PM Główka Natalia N Grygiel Aleksandra A

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 20190905 1

<h4>Background</h4>Caffeine (CAF) supplementation could have a positive impact on physical performance and sport abilities. Nevertheless, the CAF-induced, dose-dependent influence on discipline-specific performance and combat activity in combat sports have not been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of single ingestion of 3, 6, or 9 mg/kg body weight of CAF and placebo (PLA) on judo-specific performance and sparring combat activities.<h4>Methods</h4>In a r ...[more]

PMID: 31488190

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Pre-exercise supplements containing low doses of caffeine improve endurance exercise performance, but the most efficacious time for consumption before intense endurance exercise remains unclear, as does the contribution of caffeine metabolism. METHODS:This study assessed the timing of a commercially available supplement containing 200?mg of caffeine, 1600?mg of ?-alanine and 1000?mg of quercetin [Beachbody Performance Energize, Beachbody LLC, USA] on exercise performance, perception of effort and plasma caffeine metabolites. Thirteen cyclists (V?O2max 64.5?±?1.4 ml?kg-?1?min-?1 (±?SEM)) completed four experimental visits consisting of 30?min of steady-state exercise on a cycle ergometer at 83?±?1% V?O2max followed by a 15-min time trial, with perceived exertion measured regularly. On three of the visits, participants consumed caffeine either 35?min before steady-state exercise (PRE), at the onset of steady-state (ONS) or immediately before the time trial (DUR) phases, with a placebo consumed at the other two time points (i.e. three drinks per visit). The other visit (PLA) consisted of consuming the placebo supplement at all three time points. The placebo was taste-, colour- and calorie-matched. RESULTS:Total work performed during the time trial in PRE was 5% greater than PLA (3.53?±?0.14 vs. 3.36?±?0.13?kJ?kg-?1 body mass; P?=?0.0025), but not ONS (3.44?±?0.13?kJ?kg-?1; P?=?0.3619) or DUR (3.39?±?0.13?kJ?kg-?1; P?=?0.925), which were similar to PLA. Perceived exertion was lowest during steady-state exercise in the PRE condition (P?<?0.05), which coincided with elevated plasma paraxanthine in PRE only (P?<?0.05). CONCLUSION:In summary, ingestion of a pre-exercise supplement containing 200?mg caffeine 35?min before exercise appeared optimal for improved performance in a subsequent fatiguing time trial, possibly by reducing the perception of effort. Whether this was due to increased circulating paraxanthine requires further investigation. TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.Gov, NCT02985606 ; 10/26/2016.

Project description:Paraxanthine (PXN) is a metabolite of caffeine that has recently been reported to enhance cognition at a dose of 200 mg. To determine the acute and short-term (7-day) effects of varying doses of PXN on cognitive function and side effects. In a double blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, and counterbalanced manner, 12 healthy male and female volunteers (22.7 ± 4 years, 165 ± 7 cm, 66.5 ± 11 kg, 24.4 ± 3 kg/m2) ingested 200 mg of a placebo (PLA), 50 mg of PXN (ENFINITY™, Ingenious Ingredients, L.P.) + 150 mg PLA, 100 mg PXN + 100 mg PLA, or 200 mg of PXN. With each treatment experiment, participants completed side effect questionnaires and donated a fasting blood sample. Participants then performed a series of tests assessing cognition, executive function, memory, and reaction time. Participants then ingested one capsule of PLA or PXN treatments. Participants then completed side effects and cognitive function tests after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h of treatment ingestion. Participants continued ingesting one dose of the assigned treatment daily for 6-days and returned to the lab on day 7 to donate a fasting blood sample, assess side effects, and perform cognitive function tests. Participants repeated the experiment while ingesting remaining treatments in a counterbalanced manner after at least a 7-day washout period until all treatments were assessed. The Sternberg Task Test (STT) 4-Letter Length Present Reaction Time tended to differ among groups (p = 0.06). Assessment of mean changes from baseline with 95% CI's revealed several significant differences among treatments in Berg-Wisconsin Card Sorting Correct Responses, Preservative Errors (PEBL), and Preservative Errors (PAR Rules). There was also evidence of significant differences among treatments in the Go/No-Go Task tests in Mean Accuracy as well as several time points of increasing complexity among STT variables. Finally, there was evidence from Psychomotor Vigilance Task Test assessment that response time improved over the series of 20 trials assessed as well as during the 6-h experiment in the PXN treatment. Acute and short-term benefits compared to PLA were seen with each dose studied but more consistent effects appeared to be at 100 mg and 200 mg doses. No significant differences were observed among treatments in clinical chemistry panels or the frequency or severity of reported side effects. Results provide evidence that acute ingestion of 100 mg and 200 mg of PXN may affect some measures of cognition, memory, reasoning, and response time as well as help sustain attention. Additionally, that acute and daily ingestion of PXN for 7 days is not associated with any clinically significant side effects. PXN may serve as an effective nootropic agent at doses as low as 50 mg.

Project description:This study examined the dose-response effects of ingesting different sodium concentrations on markers of hydration and tennis skill. Twelve British nationally-ranked tennis players (age: 21.5 ± 3.1 years; VO2peak: 45.5 ± 4.4 ml.kg.min-1) completed four identical in-door tennis training sessions in a cluster randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Twenty-minutes prior to each training session, participants consumed a 250 ml sodium-containing beverage (10, 20, 50 mmol/L) or a placebo (0 mmol/L), and continued to consume 1,000 ml of the same beverage at set periods during the 1-h training session. Tennis groundstroke and serve performance, agility, urine osmolality, fluid loss, sodium sweat loss and perceptual responses (rating of perceived exertion (RPE), thirst, and gastrointestinal (GI) discomfort) were assessed. Results showed that ingesting 50 mmol/L sodium reduced urine osmolality (-119 mOsmol/kg; p = 0.037) and improved groundstroke performance (5.4; p < 0.001) compared with placebo. This was associated with a reduction in RPE (-0.42; p = 0.029), perception of thirst (-0.58; p = 0.012), and GI discomfort (-0.55; p = 0.019) during the 50 mmol/L trial compared with placebo. Linear trend analysis showed that ingesting greater concentrations of sodium proportionately reduced urine osmolality (? = -147 mOsmol/kg; p = 0.007) and improved groundstroke performance (? = 5.6; p < 0.001) in a dose response manner. Perceived thirst also decreased linearly as sodium concentration increased (? = -0.51; p = 0.044). There was no evidence for an effect of sodium consumption on fluid loss, sweat sodium loss, serve or agility performance (p > 0.05). In conclusion, consuming 50 mmol/L of sodium before and during a 1-h tennis training session reduced urine osmolality and improved groundstroke performance in nationally-ranked tennis players. There was also evidence of dose response effects, showing that ingesting greater sodium concentrations resulted in greater improvements in groundstroke performance. The enhancement in tennis skill may have resulted from an attenuation of symptomologic distracters associated with hypohydration, such as RPE, thirst and GI discomfort.

Project description:BackgroundGlucocorticoids (GCs), such as prednisone, are the standard of care for several inflammatory and immunologically mediated diseases, but their chronic systemic administration is severely limited by serious adverse effects that are both dose and time dependent. Short-term treatment (7-14 days) with oral prednisone is used for many acute inflammatory and allergic conditions. This study was conducted to characterize the safety and pharmacodynamic (PD) dose-response of a 7-day course of oral prednisone on biomarkers of GC receptor agonism.MethodsIn this randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study (A9001309), 37 healthy subjects received placebo or a prednisone dose from 2.5-60 mg daily over 7 days in each of three treatment periods. White blood cell counts and plasma samples for measuring cortisol, osteocalcin and procollagen type 1 N-propeptide (P1NP) were obtained at 2, 4, 8, and 12 h post-dose on Day 1, immediately prior to dosing on Days 1, 2, and 4, and at nominal dosing time on Days 0 and 8. Urine samples for urinary N-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type 1 collagen (uNTX) were collected on Days 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8. Serum samples for adiponectin were obtained prior to dosing on days 0, 1, 4 and 8.ResultsDaily doses of prednisone up to 60 mg resulted in dose- and time-dependent decreases in plasma osteocalcin, plasma P1NP, serum cortisol, and absolute blood eosinophil counts. Absolute blood neutrophil counts increased, while blood lymphocyte counts rebounded to an increased level following an initial rapid decrease after dosing. An increase was observed for uNTX and adiponectin. The incidence of adverse effects with prednisone was not dose related, and nervous system disorders, mainly headache, were the most frequently reported adverse effects.ConclusionsThis characterization provides important and relevant information on safety and PD responses of short-term prednisone dosing over the commonly-used clinical dose range, and also provides a reference for early clinical development of dissociated agents targeting a differentiated PD profile.Trial registration numberNCT02767089 (retrospectively registered: 21 April 2016).

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Dose-dependent effect of caffeine supplementation on judo-specific performance and training activity: a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial.

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Dose-dependent effect of caffeine supplementation on judo-specific performance and training activity: a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial.

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